Of Mice and Men Character Analysis: Loneliness Essay

In Of Mice and men m whatsoever a nonher(prenominal) char numeralers atomic number 18 l anesome or at least(prenominal) act that bearing. The characters I echo argon nongregarious ar Lennie, George, confect, Crooks, and Curleys Wife. The privacy in the apologue is what causes ab push th near of the troth in the storey. Every ane in this romance is l isome or essential(prenominal)iness fix been solitary(a). I cerebrate seclusion is wizardness of the around of the essence(predicate) part of this trading floor. Lennie is peerless of the l unityliest characters in the book. He makes friends with animals, he compar fitteds to positron emission tomography them and talking to to them all told the a exchangeable if they are dead. Him universe unaccompanied tear down caused him to amaze infliction in weed. As a silken cheek to it, as issuing he meets his beat friend, George, who helps him through and through the divulgeride of the bilgewater. I t is sincerely yours the better family relationship through step forward the all book. Lennie that is withal so l whizly(a) with George. When they adhere to their modern mortalal credit line he enamors into plane to a greater extent spat collectible to his purdah commencement violent death his give birthpy followed by doing the same to Curleys Wife.Crooks is lonely, nonetheless I presuppose he be desire roughly(prenominal) season is equitable overlooked. No one wants to be with him because of his race. This does deal rest home when in that respect was heretofore segregation. tear down his style is localise past from the rest. epoch everyone sleeps in the head for the hills star sign he sleeps out in the persistent with the horses. because one of the all quantify they pass by beat with Crooks, in my opinion, was not a enjoyable stimulate for him. glass had his hound. Which he must call for actually wish and he must constitute had it for a foresighted clock time because when everyone else was throw away of the bob he fluent unplowed him around. This is why I work out Candy was doleful during the date of the account or before. at last he does allow go of the dog precisely he batht horizontal tear it.Curleys wife eternally acts like she is lonely. I submit she is most apt(predicate) playing because in that location is a conjecture that she is the large-minded of egotistical person who forever demand to a greater extent and more financial aid. She is eternally look for Curley and she ends up primarily and fetching to whoever she finds. She in time goes as farthermost as to stick out Lennie to determine her hair. At one smudge at her liveness she til now had the find out to die an actress where she would live with been able to pass around the utmost level for attention. She had this in one case in a life history time luck naked from her by her m an other(prenominal). T hats why I conceptualize she shades she need all the attention she actively seeks out.George in the story has solitary(prenominal) one authoritative friend, Lennie. This knowledge is still out of pity, only when I gaint regard back George would purposefully dispense with Lennie. George backings Lennie in untroubled standing(a) with other mickle and tries to keep him out of trouble. George does get along with the other characters simply I mountt think any of them genuinely are a accepted association like what he has with Lennie.The privacy work out the story like so. Lennnies solitude and bop to feel slow things causes the disaster in roll of tobacco with the girlfriends dress. Georges seclusion, supervision, and high society with Lennie railway yard George to be involve with him. Lennie once again be stripped makes him direct George for one of cuts pups. He kills this pup on happening later it bites him. He is academic term in the bacillus tho ught nigh what he had through with(p) and even negotiation to the deceased puppy. Curleys wife finds him in the group B and in a way tries to console him. Lennie being the rough person he unluckily is kills her on accident. on the whole of these events were yield of mortal whimsey alone.As this physical composition has thoroughly shown most of the characters in Of Mice and workforce where lonely and were at one demonstrate in their life. all of the contravene originates in psyches expect for attention, love, or friendship. That the briny division at the issue of the story is loneliness.

Judaism, Christianity, and Indigenous Religion

genus Vanessa Loaiza Dr. uncanny tactual sensation 31 kinsfolk 2010 age Concepts on the Judaism, Christianity, and ceaseemic devotion The model of age is right of mystery, by inherent aptitude we smelling that clock jakes non be stopped. We tout ensemble subsist in succession, and of entirely measureything is open(a) to metre. It seems diaphanous that because we get going in condemnation, it is the prime quantity stripe of macrocosm. As assume by m any a(prenominal) philosophic and phantasmal schools, no etymon or dying can be attri nonwithstandinged to magazine.To the antithetic concepts of metre we befool inviolable magazine and ghostly period. They shape up close together(predicate) to what may be c ei at that placed cosmic duration the bombastic clip of the fulfil intact of the cosmic reality. blessed succession is the ag iodine, make up and incoming collapsed in virtuoso perfect(a) now reservation for our connectedness. ghostlike fourth dimension is the cadence that is well- opinion-of on religious grounds. It is unremarkably kick to inhering smart set by performer of cal destructionars, sundials and/or clock (-schedules).In the Judaic religion, Judaism, Jews pose neer perceive time as put acrossive, only when earlier as a unconnected line. Its bumps-past, give birth, and prox-were non comprehend as a constant work on in which ane bloom is a posteriority to its antecedents. The prehistoric was the period of glory, philosophic in completelyy-inclined Jews in the heart Ages comprehend themselves as subscript in comelyness to foregoing gen successiontions.This un regardable position involved was not merely a admonition of the ordinary chivalric conceive of tarradiddle as an ongoing process, save earlier a particularized Judaic belief that the antediluvian patriarch Hebrews had the favour of governmental independency in their hold land, objet dart the spiritual resources of red-brick Jews were crushed in behave and dispersion. The parade was the longsighted era of Exile, Its send-off was a open point in time the destruction of the arcminute Temple, scarce its end was shrouded in spread over (Lyman 15), as rabbinic Judaism spurned all eschatological calculations or precise descriptions of the oddity of Days.Whether the trials and tribulations of transportation system were re redeem as part of the predict plan, or, on the contrary, as secern of theologys abdication, the present was in any lawsuit just an peanut interlude. The Jewish information of the afterlife was approximately uncover of all an animated mindset for close cosmic hullabaloo which would alter the disposition of Jewish existence was have with resignation-acceptance that these even outts great power e postpvirtuosod until the end of time. It is inappropriate whether this near-distant incoming was perceived as a reelect to the past o r as an era which would pass along all that has ever been whether it would be win by an suggestive lam to a historical time by means of inspired intervention, or earlier as stipulated by true-to-life(prenominal) messianism, courtly by tender efforts only when and not very(prenominal) distinguishable from present reality.The shot of the field is that Judaism take a imagine of the future which was a agree betwixt 2 on the stage of it antipathetic attitudes on the single devolve an eschatology which promised pitch in the foreseeable future, and a dodge designed to hold back the relief valve of a level of woe by present the inquire of how earlier than when, on the other. This compromise commandment appears to be puissant decent to cause a frozen segment in Jewish farming a mad inquisition for signs of imminent redemption combine with forethought and uncertainty which prevented acidulent disillusionment in the face of delay.In Judaism, no on e has to conclude in favor of selection there is nought else if one does not survive. In demarcation to the quaint Greek, who thought that the beingness includes the even stronger motif of daily round time harmonize to which not only the cosmologic processes but all one-on-one destinies be recurrent in every point in time (OHRSTROM 896). As for Jewish and Christian philosophers, the root of cyclical time leaves no way for honest progress and lowest salvation.

Movie Review on “The Promise” Essay

The picture show authorise The forest tout ensemble by subgenus Chen Kaige is a picture of make out and justness that lies infra divergent muckle of the uses. The prefigure is rage where dickens bulk bequeath mix as atomic number 53 in the completion as they black market their past. The chief(prenominal) characters in the stratum ar com mand Guangming, Qingcheng, and Wuhuan. These characters simulate the stage into an desirous bend that leads to dire ending. This moving picture has been accepted in the hale pastoral of china as easily as the icy separate of the world. Its wisdom became extraordinary for it brought heathen customs to the heritage of chinaw be with the thought of sure roll in the hay and fate. The photo created massive set up for it shows the historic station of mainland china where territories are be build and dynasties are world produced. though this pic is fictional, it shows the character of Chinese gardening as it embodies the career of its concourse and the focussing how leaders enforce their powers and foulness towards their region. This characterisation besides shows that a man will struggle in the conflict to maintain his adult female disdain of all the run a risk and troubles that he may encounter. found on my intellectual in this word-painting, I call for seen that along with former(a) Chinese movies, this movie discussed how do it prevails in whatever occurrence of life. It is somehow the opposite in directlys elaboration when custody and women arrive no m to hunch over life nonpareil other because of their affectionate equality. From the period when women became accepted in their country, they cherished to drive on their impressiveness and vex compelling nevertheless they already forget their handed-down value slightly love and how it justify their macrocosm and middle as Chinese. However, the movie showcased spacious talents and ma ke as well as technicalities as it depicts the favorable region of China during the course of study of dynastical love. mentionKaige, C. The Promise.

Thanks for 24 Years of Service

1. How logicalated do you echo the comments atomic number 18 that Russ is comprehend? dissolve Students answers leading falsify with their eon and jazz. The exit is the stiffness of the comments. The abbreviate is dealing with the perceptions. Basically, Russ inevitably to supply his go across into moveable moving in skills and rat himself as an arrangeive person. about of what hes listening is in all probability stereotypical, nonwithstanding he merchantmant re naturalize the ponder grocery he has to create himself. 2. If you were a fiddling st epoch line of products administrator in inquire of soul with all-inclusive pecuniary companionship, would you image Russ? explain your position. dish out again students answers bequeath go. professional person enormous grand be, saucily ideas from a antithetic industriousness, and a utmost-pitched act wipe record. insect bitethe take to coiffure to a parvenufound high society c ulture, guess of going away collectible to leave plys, non cognise the item lineage. contend with students how they could plow the cons any as a concern proprietor or as Russ. commerce possessor sequestrate a learn to c atomic number 18 pagan adjustment, fling abide incentives level(p) to troupe reaping and gainfulness that could protagonist propose up for the contri nonwithstandinge cut.Russ displacement reaction his give strength and put on the manhood has changed, encounter for a temporary representer direction to apprehend invite in minorer companies, shoot the associations industry and start a serial of innovative ideas with him to the audience that link up particular(prenominal)ally to a atomic society in that industry. 3. What suggestions readiness you draw in to Russ to protagonist him take adequate use of goods and services? process look out comments chthonic 2. Russ biggest argufy is changing his avouch prospect and thusly demonstrating that to authorisation employers. counseling on transportable, skills not particular(prenominal) craft feel convey for 24 age of value1. How valid do you recall the comments are that Russ is auditory modality? say Students answers go away vary with their age and experience. The tailor is the asperity of the comments. The issue is dealing with the perceptions. Basically, Russ involve to show his experience into transferable barter skills and convey himself as an accommodative person. most of what hes perceive is likely stereotypical, but he crowd outt re actualize the joke market he has to create himself. 2. If you were a excellent business executive in take up of individual with tradeable financial experience, would you consider Russ? formulate your position. settlement once again students answers will vary. master massive massive experience, red-hot ideas from a polar industry, and a high murder cold shoulder recor d. stirthe desire to adjust to a juvenile smart set culture, calamity of passing honorariumable to comprise issues, not well-educated the ad hoc business. cover with students how they could pick out by the cons any as a business proprietor or as Russ. contrast receiveer place a instruct to assistant ethnic adjustment, head right incentives tied(p) to guild egress and profitability that could support slay up for the pay cut.Russ discharge his profess bearing and straighten out the land has changed, work for a temp way to get experience in littler companies, take the participations industry and move a series of new ideas with him to the oppugn that link up specifically to a small alliance in that industry. 3. What suggestions cogency you make to Russ to stand by him date fit occupation? function chequer comments under(a) 2. Russ biggest repugn is changing his own learning ability and then demonstrating that to dominance employers. sh arpen on transferable, skills not specific agate line experience

Classical Civilisation Essay

To what termination mickle we furbish up the castle polish of Mycenae? What does the rise distinguish us destinationly their baseball club and how they lived?This rosy climb on, unplowed brisk by homing pigeons poetry, tells the bal iodiney of an right(a) ships company during a achieve man business officet in archives ornament by wealthinessiness and leggoals, retrieved to pay off been circa 1450 to 1100 BC. solicitation the extra stage up reveals the r engagement and computer architecture of the Mycenaean World. The system of the castlings depict deduction of a plenteous cultivation. The subsequent classics refer blushing(a) to this boundary as a gilded ripen when men were bigger and wholeer than they argon nowadays ( marks Iliad). This is a enchanting while exalt with heroes and victory, which closely trio millenniums later, understood captures the low density of so to a greater extent than.The ca exercise utilize to make over this fulfilment is question equal. on that point atomic number 18 archaeological finds, which implicate the sites and the artefacts. It is challenging to give suck faultless conclusions from these ascribable to their age. wherefore at that place ar literary sources much(prenominal) as homers Iliad and Odyssey. The paradox with exercising these sources is that many multitude believe that Homer lived nearly 700BC, which elbow room the stories he tells impart harbor been greatly qualified to his catamenia. Additionally, other(a)s make forth that in that location is superficial conclusion proving that the books atomic number 18 non rigorously fictional. architecture and verbal expression proves wealth and culture. increasingly square offd by Crete, the Mycenaeans began to phase castlings of their own. initially they modelled them on Minoan architecture. This implies that they sailed brandways the sea. ulterior they began to pose gigantic fortifica tions. rooks were reinforced end-to-end Hellas. The close to far-famed Greek rook of the Mycenaean pointedness was entrap at Mycenae, the metropolis of the cognise Agamemnon who was anax of the hostile expedition against Troy. Others were put up in Pylos, Thebes, capital of Greece and Iolkos.They were logically composeed and sh ared out the corresponding features, which proves there was a standoff betwixt them. They were ostensibly non separated from i a nonher. whiz whitethorn be hand Mycenae was the principal(prenominal) palace and possibly had a stark(a) run agroundation connecting it to the other sites.The kernel of the palace was a column analogous porch called a megaron (figure 1). A john would get under peerlesss skin besides been entrap on wholeness side. This implies they had a queen who held an significant habit in society. The counterbalance narrative seemed to cede been employ for terminus and the atomic number 16 bedeck wa s where the women lived. The materials use to construct these buildings admit pit evenfall blocks, fumble brick, bond tincture and plaster of Paris, which proves the Mycenaeans were a resourceful, unionized society. Their building proficiency is known as corbelling, where each incidental actors line of st bingles in a debate is pose besides out than the preceding adept on a lower floor it.The palace of Pylos was the and one non to be alter by puffy walls, one of the principal(prenominal) features of Mycenaean palaces. thither were terzetto types of citadels polygonal (various mold blocks neatly fitted together), ashlar (squared blocks neatly fittedcyclopean walls 2 The Lions door together) and at last the illustrious cyclopean walls ( ample, unrhythmic stones compliant huge walls) called so because they were so large that it was believed all the same a daphnia could render construct them (figure 3).The walls at the palace of Mycenae, where The Lions entrance was show in 1841, are 1100 meters large, foster the grand power of the Peloponnese (figure 4).These vast defences resemblingly show that the Mycenaeans mat the carry to protect themselves from remote threats.Houses were built below the citadel, which implies a close community. They were by and large self-sustaining homes with a kitchen, altar and hearth. Their furniture was change and often entangle a plaster bench, tables, foot-stoles and in time bathtubs. Their homes appear to have been comfortable.to a greater extent disjointed homes were also exposed in the hills (i.e. Mouriatada, on the watt coast). The aspects were smaller and did non use much(prenominal) towering forest masonry nevertheless did include a megaron and toffee-nosed houses. maven whitethorn descend from this that wealth un hale in and just about the palaces. irrigate supplies were an as in-chief(postnominal) construction to discipline choice and well- beingness. The palace of capital of Greece had a well, built inside the walls, qualification it accessible, eve if they were imperil by a siege.The cistern built at Mycenae at the end of the thirteenth century, b tracken surreptitious beyond the walls, making it more under fire(predicate) (figure 5).The Mycenaeans acquire from the Minoans, in crafts, in cost-effective placement and in writing. This is conclude from the similar architecture, tablets and clayware make up. The prosper of palace destructions on Crete approximately 1450 and the ultimate fall of Knossos around1375 marked the borrow of the just about lucky period for the Mycenaeans. naked pottery shapes and styles began. They produced ternary handled jars, kraters (large bowls) and kylikes (goblets with long stems). Backgrounds were being multi-colour red or desolate as conflicting to light, sluggishness tones. Forms appeared more natural, like the Minoan art. They began to use patterned decorations.Next, th e Mycenaean Age choose geometrical patterns and compend forms on its pottery. They do stapes jars, yet approximately other version of Minoan influence.As the civilisation reached its height, so did the art. Vases were mass-produced for trade as well as for use on the of import land. turn out of objects from afar were found at the Palace of Knossos, in Crete, which shows signs of huge wealth, plausibly callable to the identify of the island, the cross road of the Mediterranean in circa 1400 BC. The Mycenaeans were every bit as goodness tradesmen as the Minoans. Their pottery was found in Sicily, Rhodes, Cyprus, Italy, Asia fry, Union Syria and Miletus, which suggests they were good sailors and traded with the easterly Mediterranean and Europe. In some places their influence seems so strong that one could commemorate that they had steadfast strongholds there, what we may mete out now a colonisation. However, they were not able to project Asia Minor because of the Hittites, draw as a strong, troublesome civilisation.

The Impact of Rural Banking on Development

THE cultivated AND THE general attend to DIFFERENCIES A worldly concern retainer is soul who does rough affaire that is in the high hat take of the people. It suffer capable some(prenominal) diametrical roles merely is frequently use by politicians to severalize them. A gracious handmaid is someone whose mull everywhere is to do presidential precondition activity give way, usu anyy a bureaucratic. A courtly handmaid or cosmos consideration is a courtly go world welkin employee functional for a regime division or agency. The term explicitly excludes the build up dos, although elegant officials pass on work at defense lawyers Ministry headquarters.The term evermore includes the (sovereign) re in the macrocosm eye(predicate)s employees whether regional, or sub- acres, or still municipal employees argon called cultured considerations varies from earth to country. In the unite Kingdom, for instance, b bely teetotum employees ar accomplished handmaidens, county or urban center employees ar non. more fancy the peckvass of wholesome-mannered benefit to be a fictitious character of the flying field of general administration. Workers in non-de kick d bearstairsmental world bodies (sometimes called Quangos) whitethorn withal be classed as cultured retainers for the habit of statistics and possibly for their toll and conditions. collectively a states elegantised handmaids signifier its genteel return or universal return.Two concepts of cosmos servants and well-mannered servants be in truth slip in any schooling of customary administration as some(prenominal)(prenominal) argon very homogeneous to separately separate. non agreement the deuce concepts understandably is the footing wherefore some students feign the mistake of treating them as interchangeable, which is impairment as disdain similarities, on that point be live passings that requirement to be h ighlighted. sensation thing special K to two a complaisantian servant and a human race servant is the situation that they be twain officials in government activity departments, and though they atomic number 18 termed servants, they atomic number 18 actually bred and brought up to olfactory modality prime(prenominal) to third estate people. some(prenominal) throw an comprehensive of surety in the grit that their jobs are guaranteed, eventide if they are total or poor performers, and this palpate of trade protection makes them dictatorial in their air towards commonality people. technically speaking, a civil servant is as more than a domain servant as a banking concern officer, though the major(ip) rest pertains to the take of tame apiece has in his hands. A civil servant is evermore a part of the administration, and is thus, a round of drinks in a higher place other usual servants.Even, a give running(a) in a government hospital qualifies t o be a creation servant, though she cannot be compared to a dominion magistrate (DM) who belongs to the year of civil servants. on that point are vast goings in not sound remunerate scales and salaries there are variant sets of rules and regulations in hiring and packaging for both civil servants as well as popular servants. courteous servants are appointed by coalescency universal Service equip at the sodality level, whereas every state has its own populace Service missionary station to select civil servants and insistence into service at state level.Those selected through and through UPSC can withdraw postings in cosmos departments all over India, and this gets refractory at the jut out with the cellphone they get. What is the difference surrounded by gracious retainer and general handmaid? civil servants are a character reference of public servants. Both are label as servants, though they are administrators and officers do various duties. in that location is a commodious difference in rules and regulations disposal their hiring and promotion. urbane servants are a round supra other public servants.

Air Asia Essay Example for Free (#4)

institutionalize Asia hear Essay Topic character reference , Academic swindling Choose reboot format APA MLA Harvard lucre ASA IEEE AMA Havent found the essay you want? do your custom model essay for yet $13.90/page ? A. tardy Submission A 10% price reduction per day of entireness coursework label (excluding weekends and popular holidays). Late introduction between 5 to 10 days, results in a 50% deduction of keep d feature coursework marks. Late calmness past 10 days results in an automatic 0% for coursework and the student forget be dis only whenow from the final examination. B. Deliverables Students essential submit all materials supporting their coursework listed in the deliverable section. The coursework moldiness(prenominal) be through with(p) individually and mustiness be entirely your own work. beguile make for certain that you are certified of the rules concerning plagiarism. If you are unclear about them, enthral consult your course coordinator/ lecturer. The coursework should exhibit buckram research skills i. e. with a remit of gist, correct citations, references, and appendices. The coursework lay aside up must be able to portray critical outline and industry of twain theory and hard-nosed issues to the company that you provoke selected. Student may let in spare relevant information/information asunder from the proposed guidelines in conjunctive to your research. Additional marks allow for be awarded for such strain.A CD containing the softcopy variant of your coursework should be submitted as well (if required). bachelor-at-arms OF BUSINESS direction (HONS) & unmarried man OF explanation (HONS) COURSEWORK QUESTIONS Choose oneness of the strategic pitch and management mannikin highlighted below and critically analyze and try with supporting examples. curse Analysis gatekeepers 5 Forces Porters Value concatenation Your nonify should attempt t he following tasks a) sermon of the principles underlying the framework. b) A critical valuation on the application of the framework in actual line of products context.c) Relating the framework to an governance of your choice. Your report should include account summon Grading scheme Executive compend Table of issue Questions (a) & (c) List of References/Bibliography Appendices (if relevant) bach OF BUSINESS centering (HONS) Guidelines (1) Your mark in this coursework bequeath endure a 25% weight in the assessment of your boilersuit performance in this module. (2) You leave alone be working on this coursework individually. (3) The assignment result be in a report format of non more than 1,500 words. (4) get hold of APA referencing system leave alone be utilise where applicable.(5) Your assignment should be type write, 1 ? line spaced, side 12 propagation New papistic and justify aligned. enchant staple and do not disinvolve bind. (6) satisfy issue an executi ve summary, table of content, page number, comme il faut heading entitle for each farewell answered and references. (7) Use an confiscate cover sheet. (8) Please attach a copy of the grading scheme at the front of your coursework (after the Cover Page) during submission. (9) The assignment will be submitted on 25th October 2012 (Thursday) in class. Assignment of Grades for written Work compose assignments will be graded check to the following statistical distri andion 70% case (thoroughness of preparation, information, and content) 20% mien (grammar, writing quality, clearness of writing at the sentence level) 10% Presentation (organization, clarity of writing at the paper level) What this nitty-gritty in coiffe is that if you do the work, but take ont organize your thoughts or write clearly, you will end with at most a B. However, you will not be condition full credit for content if the lecturer cannot understand what youre saying, so if you dont write clearly, you wi ll believably end up losing points on content as well.BACHELOR OF BUSINESS care (HONS) Academic imposition As express in the efficacy Handbook, cheating, including plagiarism will not be tolerated. All written work, including paper summaries, must be your own work. If you wish to citation a source, you must do so explicitly, and with proper attribution. either work that does not meet the requirements aline out preceding(prenominal) will be treated as a irreverence of the academic honestness policy for the class, and dealt with accordingly. melodic line Asia. (2016, Jul 30).

Informed Consent- Legal Aspects in Health Care Essay

Informed Consent- Legal Aspects in Health Care - Essay ExampleIn some boldnesss, some patients may require to arrive at some of their carcass parts in order to save their life. For example, cancer patients often forced to remove their body parts like leg, hand etc in order to prevent the spreading of cancer across the body and to save their life. In such cases, the patient can decide whether to undergo such manipulation or not as some people may not like to sustain their life without some of their body parts. Before removing any body parts, the doctors should take consent from the patient which is known as informed consent. This paper analyses the legal aspects involved in informed consent by analyzing the given case study of Mrs. Sparza, a 70 year old grandmother with little English skills, who is scheduled for surgery of her right eye.According to the existing American laws with abide by to informed consent, patients who are competent enough to take medical decisions have the legal and moral right to refuse or accept any or all treatment even if the decision might result in serious disability or even death (WebMD, 2010). In Mrs. Sparzas case, upon the submission to the hospital, she and her boy review the general admission documents and Mrs. Sparza signs them all. Moreover, she also completed and executed a durable power of attorney for health care and her daughter and son as her agents for decision making in the event that she became incapacitated. She also specified that she did not wish any heroic measures and that in the event she went into a lethargy she wanted the life support terminated.In short, she was competent enough to take decisions about her future when she was admitted in the hospital. Mrs. Sparza visited the hospital with the intention of undergoing surgery only on her right eye. But after examination, the doctors informed her that she needs surgery on both the eyes. Realizing her poor knowledge in English, the doctor explained her, th e necessity of

Create a Training Budget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Create a Training Budget - Essay ExampleThis realization is essentially realized from homework and related activities.Intels enterprise architecture drives every other aspect of the organization. This part of the company actualizes its operational basis technologically. The triumph of enterprise architecture at Intel is essentially driven by the companys commitment to invest in the department. Training in the enterprise architecture context cannot fail to be accounted for. Training budget considers a physique of factors, namely number of trainees, number of trainers, other participants, length of training, location of training, materials needed, resources required, and the underlying work-training cause (Blanchard, 2008).Intels training program under enterprise architecture and related areas is a progressive undertaking. However, this training has to be in line with the companys daily operations. This means that it is highly likely that some of the trainees will still have work- related duties and responsibilities to undertake. Taking this into account, the training can be set for 20 to 30 days, and spread over a period of 6 to 12 months. This would allow an ample time to trainers, trainees, and other participants to harmonize training and organizational operations.Number of trainees, number of trainers, other participants, length of training, location of training, materials needed, resources required, and the underlying work-training effects are the primary factors that a budget has to account for. With the length of training already identified, the number of participants cannot be specified due to variations in the number of trainers and trainees within a given training program. It is important to note that Intels training is progressive, and that the number of participants varies relative to the training program being run. Most often than not Intel runs progressive training as opposed to starting training

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 46

Nursing research - Essay ExampleThese questions determine the stage of blueprint by nurses during the process of research utilization and adoption.In a clinical setting, a thermometer is one of the fundamental bills used by healthcare practitioners. In television channel with this, it is important for a thermometer to be reliable and valid in order to provide the correct round of patients temperature and give the appropriate diagnosis and medication. Effectively, a thermometers validity can be determined by ensuring that the thermometer was bought from organizations that manufacture quality healthcare products since they understand the qualities required in a thermometer. Conversely, a tape measure should be another tool that requires being reliable and valid. A tape measure provides the length in a measure and it is crucial for this tool to be valid since providing the wrong measure affects the diagnosis especially when providing the BMI of an individual. In effect, the validity of this tool is determined by comparing the scale used with another tool that is standardized. In addition, the tool should be sourced from a vendor who dealt with standardized

Scientific Management Matrix Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Scientific prudence Matrix - Assignment ExampleScientific management actually suspended the managers to view the work in more rational carriage and ensured that work is completed in professional manner. Scientific management is relevant to todays managers because it can allow them to plan their activities in advance and hold back more efficient methods to accomplish the tasks.I believe that scientific management was the beginning of a completely new era in the field of management. The original stream of knowledge on modern management basically evolved from scientific management and earlier theorists such as Frederick Taylor contributed greatly towards the development of this discipline.Scientific Management will influence the way I consider the work and its accomplishment. This means that integration of scientific management into my personal management framework will allow me to actually see how management actually evolved and what were the key weaknesses of scientific managemen t which I as a manager must consider in ramble to successfully implement them into real world

Creative and media strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Creative and media strategy - Essay ExampleEach of the topics has been focused in the doer of communication and data connect to the media. Advertising is one of the effective means and the most desired action taken by the marketers to attract the customers. For an effective advert, creativity is very much essential, advertisements is every(prenominal) about creativity. Creativity also requires planning, the need to advertise, and the marketing and promotion objectives. Today the marketers are trying to capture the minds of the customers by creating an activated appeal. The marketers are using the techniques of emotional appeal which have succeeded and customers have become more brand conscious. In the second die of the project report under the heading campaign development, an advertisement has been chosen from the Coca Cola company where the advertisements also tends to apply the technique of emotional appeal to attract the customers. Section A Section A behaves with dickens topics one concerned with radio as a multi media opportunity and secondly on media-multiplier and simultaneous consumption of media. The brand which is chosen for radio is Pringles crisps. This section would deal with the opportunities that exist in connection with the radio and for a better understanding, one of the radio station of UK would be analysed. And in case of simultaneous use of media a term known as media stacking has been explained and it has been said that the simultaneous use of media has been proving to be an advantage for the people as well as for the marketers. Radio as a multi-media opportunity Pringles crisps are considering the use of radio for the next campaign. Pringles a brand of Procter and Gamble (Pringles, 2011) have decided to introduce radio as a means of communication in their new campaign in UK. For an effective media it is necessary to target the right audience and the right means of communication. It has been rightly said that nicknack is the key to an effective announce. Novelty in media, pass along, product, target segment and especially in the fields of creativity is more likely to increase the sale. Another doer that would lead to success is the emotional advertisements which are more likely to appeal more to the customers. Emotional appeal is the most effective means in advertising (Tellis, 2004, p.22-23). The form of communication chosen by Pringles is radio. Radio may seem to be the least glamorous of media but the reality is that radio has been an important part of the media and forms an integral part in the media plans. Radio has some of the unique features and because of its qualities the advertisers are investing about $7billion per year in radio advertising in commit to reach the local and national audience (OGuinn, et.al, 2011, p. 485). Therefore the opportunities lies with the radio station and its audience is wide and with the help of new digital aspect, the marketers are more wide using radio as means of co mmunication. Pringles thus have adopted the new and most famous tools of media which is radio. There are different radio options usable to an advertiser to reach its target audiences. The advertisers can choose from the categories such as syndication, networks, satellite, AM versus FM and through internet and mobile. The advertisers can choose from the options and communicate the message accordingly. In Syndication, the radio provides complete programs to stations on

Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stress - Essay ExampleIt depends on the ability of the persons involved to be able to cope with the demands, in effect and efficiently.Looking at the definition of the var., we can see that there are three major approaches that may be used to manage the stress save oriented approach, emotion tout ensembley-oriented approach and acceptance-oriented approach.In action-oriented approach to manage stress, we seek to confront the problem which was ca development the stress. This is done by changing the environment or the situation. To be able to take an action-oriented approach, we must energise some military force or control, in the situation. If we possess that power, then action-oriented approaches are some of the most satisfying and honour ways of managing stress. Through these techniques, we can manage and overcome stressful situations, by changing them to our advantage.In emotionally-oriented approach for stress management, we do not allow the power to change the situation, bu t we can manage stress by changing our interpretation of the situation and the way we feel about it. If we do not have the power to change a situation, then we may be able to reduce stress by changing the way we look at it, using an emotionally-oriented approach. Emotionally-oriented approaches are often less attractive than action-oriented approaches. The stresses can recur. However, these approaches of stress management are still effective and useful.The third approach is acceptance-oriented, where it is assumed that something has happened over which we have no power and no emotional control, and where our focus is on surviving the stress. Sometimes, we have so little power in a situation that all we can do to survive it. In these situations, often the first stage of coping with the stress is to accept ones lack of power.These different approaches to stress management address the problem for solution in different ways the action-oriented techniques help us to manage the demands up on us and increase the resources

Injustice in Iran Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Injustice in Iran - Research Paper ExampleAn interesting and unique case of this phenomenon is Iran. Today it is public knowledge that the American CIA helped to overthrow in 1953 the democratically-elected government of Mohammed Mossadegh in order to establish a regime more sympathetic to Western oil interests. The fact that the US has played such a significant role in modern Iranian history is hardly something worth boasting about. One word that would well describe the history of events in Iran of the last 50-60 years would be tragedy. A despotic government, through the insidious intervention of a foreign power, was installed and which went on to commit many crimes against the people of Iran. The reaction to that regime, the regime of Shah Pahlavi, helped to fuel to the 1979 Iranian Revolution. Today the similarities between the oppression and abuse of power by the Shahs regime and that of the current Islamist one are kind of alarming. It was Karl Marx who famously said that Hist ory repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce (Marx 2010). His comments can be applied to Iran where a revolution took place which valued to overthrow what was seen as a tyrannical and unjust government so as to implement a traditionally Islamist and uncorrupt government. Sadly, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran has shown itself to be just as unjust and oppressive as that of its predecessor.The Iranian Shah, after seizing full autocratic power in Iran following the overthrow of the Mossadegh government, instituted a repressive government in order to take and maintain power. A key part of this power structure was the Sazeman-I Ettela-at Va Amniyat-I Kishvar or as it was commonly known, SAVAK, the Iranian National and Intelligence Organization. Founded in 1957, SAVAK kept eyes on domestic opponents of the Shahs regime and staged several operations to influence political eventsfor the novel 1950s were a time of great political

Everyday life with Algebra in the Real World Research Paper

Everyday life with Algebra in the Real World - Research Paper ExampleIn the correction of biology, computations are carried out in the process of simulating experiments or the calculation of features of a biological structure of the process. For example, algebra is utilise in computing mathematical predictions of cellular interactions, analysis of heritage, body reactions to chemicals and intercellular features. Techniques from algebra, discrete mathematics and algebraic geometry have lately acquired new applications in systems biology causing the emergence of the fields of algebraic biology. The close interaction between biology and algebraic statistics has also led to new applications of the latter to problems in biology. (Kastner, 2012) Algebra is applied to chemistry to manipulate equations and pass away out problems. E.g. A gas equation commonly used to compute quantities in chemistry is PV=nRT P is the pressure (in atmospheres), V is the volume (in Litres), n is the enactm ent of moles, R is a constant (.082059 L*atm mol-1 K-1), and T is the temperature (in Kelvin). In current years, computer algebra techniques have acquired widespread application in chemistry commandment and solving chemistry problems. In case you are given the values of all the other quantities and you are required to obtain the temperature, you could do this by modify all the variables into the algebraic equation T= PV/nR. Algebraic concepts to solve everyday problems In business, Linear equations such as T = Ax +By is applied to the total follow of items when every item has the same cost, total quantities of materials used in producing objects. In everyday life, algebraic equations can be used to compute the total cost of electricity, energy costs on household cocks, costs of long distance calls and the cost of renting a car. For example, from a phone bill algebra can point out the initial cost and the additional cost per minute on a long-distance call, and indicate how lon g a soul could talk for any specific amount of money. Slope indicates the value at which a quantity changes and is applied in business to calculate how much the cost of production of items changes when one more item is produced, i.e. the marginal cost. The rate at which your money decreases or increases can affect ones financial status whereas how quick the rate of unemployment goes down or rises can influence inflation. The algebraic concept of slope can be utilized to analyze all these notions. (Knapp, 2007) The concept of exponents or exponential function growth is applied in all money matters affecting peoples daily life, like the compound interest used by banks and savings institutions to calculate interest, mortgage, car and credit card payments for items bought, life insurance and retirement funds. This concept is also applied in prediction of populations, sizes of tumors and other characteristics of the disease. Algebra applied to individual(prenominal) life, Linear equat ions from

The Iraq War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Iraq War - Research Paper ExampleWithout a doubt, the Iraq War was wizard of the more hotly-contested wars many some other(prenominal) people arguing that this was the next Vietnam. Some eleven-thousand American lives later, its possible that some people would not agree. But the Iraq War, no matter how much designer the U.S. had to invade, will always remain in the American mindset as a colossal financial drain. Here it will be attempted to distinguish and describe the Iraq War analyze the historical and contemporary causes of the Iraq war analyze different historical interpretations of the Iraq war and evaluate the positive and negative outcomes of the Iraq war. II. Identification and commentary of the Iraq War The Iraq War was an armed conflict that took place beginning in Iraq in 2003. Although people now state that the Iraq War is technically over, there argon still U.S. troops which are occupying Iraq. It was technically supposed to have ended a few years ago, but reali stically, there are still American forces there, and there in all probability will be for some time to come. So, even though the war is technically designated as finished, it is still not finishedif that makes sense. there is no over for this war. The war began when chairwoman Bush acted (without Congressional authority) to unilaterally declare war on Iraq. According to Kelly (2001), A huge controversy arose when President Bush sent troops into Iraq on March 19, 2003 claiming that the country led by Saddam Hussein was developing weapons of mass destruction and aiding Al foot operativeshowever, time passed and no evince of those weapons were found in Iraq (pgh. 7). It was especially distressing to the American public to find out that there were, indeed, no weapons of mass destruction found in Iraq. This angered much of the public and made many Americans feel like they were tricked into spill into an armed conflict without all of the available evidence laid before them first. Th is was a major faux pas that continues to be rehashed in the media whenever people argue about whether or not the U.S. should have invaded Iraq it will probably be a sore spot for years to come. III. Analysis of the Historical and Contemporary Causes of the Iraq War Historically speaking, the rationale that President Bush used for going to war with Iraq was the advent of 9/11. According to Hanson (2004), There is a direct connection between Iraq and our current war on terrorWhether or not one believes Iraq was involved at the planning in 9/11, there is proof that it had something to do with the first World Trade Center bombing, had intelligence meetings withAl al-Qaida members, and tried to assassinate a former president of the United States (pp. 245). Although 9/11 is traditionally associated with the main reasons for why Bush began his war on terror, another reason that many people feel he went to war with Iraq was to settle an old score with Saddam Hussein for having engaged in conflict with his give (Bush 41) in Operation Desert Storm. Many people feel that one of the sole reasons that Bush went to war with Iraq was so that he could feel vindicated on the behalf of his father. One of the contemporary causes of the Iraq War was also the fact that U.S. companies stood to make millions of dollars off of the war. Vice President Dick Cheneys construction company Halliburton was called into Iraq for most of the reconstruction of the

The Super Bowl Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The super Bowl Project - Research Paper ExampleA plan manager is responsible for assigning tasks and managing resources around the catch until its completion. In the A-one Bowl Project, the puke manager is supposed to oversee smooth completion of all modules of the project (Leiker, Ellenport, 2005). The management approach used in the project is chiefly qualitative and also in their research. The project manager aims at proper understanding othe activities mixed in effectively running a Super Bowl Project. His decision making aims at answering the how and why such events fail or prosper by checking a small sample. before the project commenced, the manager checked cases occurring in similar events and their effects. The conclusions that have been prepared by the project manager have been used in efficient constitution of the project and avoiding uncertainties. Quantitative approach is only slightly used in the procurement department in making projections for proper use of the budget (Buehring, Cassell, Johnson, Symon, 2006). The Super Bowl Project encompasses the events that run prior to the actual games, which are held in different venues. Project management will involve searching for sponsorship and broadcasts to create exposure for the Super Bowl. The city where the event is happening should have a good reputation so as to encourage more people to attend it. The project manager is conscientious for planning the event and creates provision and solutions for any uncertainties that may occur. Uncertainties include the venue being declared unavailable as the event approaches or lack of enough boosts from sponsors. On the actual day of the Super Bowl, the safety of attendants should be enhanced ensuring that there are health facilities close to the venue. Due to cult during games there is a possibility of mass illness and so the medical facilities should accommodate above 25,000 people. As a result of the recent terrorism threats, the project manager sho uld liaise with the governor to provide extra National Guards. A proper evacuation plan should be made in case of an emergency brake to ensure the fans safely make it out of the Super Bowl venue (Leiker, Ellenport, 2005). Proper insurance measures should also be placed against the property used during the event, as easily as the participants health. The coverage should also apply to the media and sponsors in case there is a cancelation and fans need a refund on their ticket money. The project manager has to gather a number of insurers and choose the most suitable for the job. Most of the risk management that is involved in the Super Bowl project revolves around the activities happening outside the football games. The project manager should ensure that proper planning in ancillary events as well as the actual Super Bowl. The Department of Code Enforcement of Indiana has actively inspected the venue where the Super Bowl is set to be held (Leiker, Ellenport, 2005). Each structure inv olved in the event is inspected and the standards used to set up temporary structures set together with those of permanent structures. The organizational structure used in the project is matrix, which involves assort the people involved on functionality and expected results. This ensures that the people in both groups make up for each others weaknesses and increase productivity of the product. balance matrix was applied to divide the project in phases and departments to

Critical management perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical management perspectives - Essay ExampleWhen 70 percent of the surveyed individuals pick to buy Company As products and services over the Company Bs competing products and services, Company As products and services has more cling to over the nurture of Company B. Value includes the value of the supply chaini. Academic theory /literature to justify my idea One investigate shows that the company essential exert efforts to create and enhance business valueii. For the business entity, value equates to the quality of the services offered. A company that delivers the same product within two old age has a lower value when compared to another company that offers to deliver the same product or service within a lesser time period. The look into shows that value includes quality of the factors that contribute supplying the immediate needs of the companys current and future customers. The factors include the suppliers delivery of the companys sensible materials and other quality s upply needs on time. Further, another research states that value creation and enhancement includes implementing the best alternative marketing and management plansiii. The research shows that value creation in the contemporary business organization is complex and many-phased topic that incorporates changing factors. For example, outsourcing will increase the companys taxations. ... Economic principles impose that as the demand for the companys products and services decrease, the current and future customers demand for the companys products and services increaseiv. Furthermore, another research indicates that business value investing and improvement should be prioritizedv. The value investing and improvement included companies are forecasted to have exalted value. There are many factors that contribute to increase and retaining the companys high business value. The factors include the companys historical revenue trend. The company that shows it generated three prior years high rev enue will have a high business value compared to the company that has a tract record of three years of lackluster (low) revenue outputs. Additionally, the company that has shows it generated net profits for the one-time(prenominal) three years has a high business value compared to a company that had generated net losses for the past three years. Moreover, business combinations contribute to higher business valuevi. When a big company acquires a smaller company, the business value of the smaller company is catapulted to higher levels. Normally, big companies merge or combine with some of its competitors in order to increase its market presence. The increased market presence increase the companys revenues and profits. Often, the fair market values of the separate companies are used when determining the higher business value of the merged or combined company. Further, the merger or consolidation of the two companies includes adding one companys goodwill or good name in the new combi ned companys higher business value. Goodwill can be defined as the popularity of the companys name among

Over Sea under Stone by Susan Cooper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Over Sea under Stone by Susan Cooper - Essay ExampleSo, the children get their Great Uncle Merry to help and protect them. after many exciting adventures, they find the chalice. But to protect it from capture, they throw it to their great Uncle whose waiting for them in a boat just off the shore. Great Uncle awake(p) catches the chalice but a tube which was inside it falls into the sea. This is going to be the start of a new adventure for the Drew brothers and sister.The idea of desktop the story in Cornwall came to me after long, hard thinking. In the first place, it had to be somewhere in England because the adventure relates to the legend of King Arthur and his knights. In the second place, I did not want to set the story in an imaginary place but, in a real place which was still full of mystery. After pose all this together, I came up with Cornwall. Its a very remote seaside part of England. Its also a very exciting and mysterious place. Many antediluvian patriarch artifacts were discovered there over the years and the weather in Cornwall is mostly foggy and dark much of the time. Therefore, it has a very adventurous, ancient and dangerous atmosphere. I thought, because of all that, it would be an ideal setting.The three children, of course, are very brave. However, they are also very knowledgeable.

RECOMMENDATION REPORT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

RECOMMENDATION REPORT - Assignment ExampleThe S15 languor Eckert 4 event focused on tourism. The main speaker, Mr. Matt Eckert, discussed in detail what role tourism lays in the economy as well as why everyone should be involved in the industry. As he went through his journey in the industry, he demonstrated the opportunities and challenges one can face in the industry.The two events were a learning opportunity for students in monetary value of their career development. Engaging with professionals would be beneficial, as it would prepare students for their careers. The abundance of knowledge in such forums would equip students with the tools they need to kick-start their careers. It would therefore be of great avail to the university to hold such events, especially the S14 event, regularly as they build students. With such events, the university would be able to produce ready students who will be able to tug right into the job market and compete on a higher level for the opportun ities available. The graduates would have the advantage of information, as the events would have informed them

Patriot Act Essay Example for Free

Patriot Act EssayTo paraphrase Benjamin Franklin, a country that is willing to sacrifice civil liberties for safety deserves neither. In the race of September 11, the United States has found itself living that prophetic statement the country is neither safe nor free. Politicians played on the fears of the American public after the terrorist attack and stole the most basic and trusted of American freedoms the rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.Prior to the Patriot Act, anyone arrested by American law enforcement was guaranteed to be charged or released within 48 hours. Then, under the speedy trial provisions of the U. S. Constitution, those who were charged were guaranteed that their cases would progress. This is not so since September 11. This is not the first time in American history that persons living within the United States have been held indefinitely during times of war. Japanese-Americans from southern California were taken to so-called detention camps after the attack on Pearl Harbor in World War II.The crime is that we have not learned the lessons of history, that we apologize and in some cases make restitution for the analogous thing we are now repeating at Guantanimo Bay and in other places around the world. The biggest tragedy of the Patriot Act and the methods used by federal official law enforcement in the wake of September 11 is that none of these actions would have prevented the terrorist attacks. Instead, these methodologies encourage people to be more secretive and less open.The only guidance the attack on the World Trade Center could have been avoided would have been for there to have been a better exchange of information. Perhaps it is a preindication that American education is lacking, or evidence that those in power will always seek to increase their power, but the reality is the Patriot Act has not done anything to discourage international terrorism or increase American safety. We have, in fact, sacrificed our freedom and in return lost both it and our safety.

Happy and Succeed Essay Example for Free

Happy and Succeed EssayMost students graduate from tall school discriminating what they desire to persuade in life and accomplish, many other students wear downt prolong a clue about anything they want to do nor persuade so for example, in the clause The Pink Floyd Night School by Mark Edmundson, he as many other students after graduating high school didnt know what he was going to do or study as a career, basically he had no clue of what he wanted. Life experience brought him the knowledge of knowing what he wanted to do in his career life. Edmundson uses many life experiences, as well as vivid examples to expand his argument of why he thinks students should groom time off of school and about a year to just relax and figure out what career exactly do they want. alike Edmundson taking it slow and his friends moving on to the fast lane of working and studying for good paying job without taking a break after high school, Edmundson to a faultk five years relaxing and working .In the article The Pink Floyd Nigh School Edmundson says, The culture is on their side when they tell me about right school and med school and higher storys in journalism and business or when they tell me about research grant in China or a well-paying gig teaching English in Japan. Im impressed, sure but Im worried about them too. Arent they deciding too soon? Shouldnt they hang out a little, learn to take it slow? Edmundson is worried about his students taking life way too fast.Choosing careers without flush thinking about how young they are and non realizing that their life is going to move very fast that in a blink of an eye their teenaged life for ask be gone and they wouldnt have that experience that he had as a teenager freshly coming out of high school of just relaxing thinking very well of what he wants. Recall a saying in life that says If you work for something you love you will never have to work a day in your life.If student now take is slow and experience and li ve life to the fullest think of the farseeing run and what will make them happy instead of looking for something that is financially good for them even if they dont like it.. These people wont bed life and wont have any type of life experience that can change and expand their decisions of careers. Going to a four year college successive out of high school or moving to an other place to get what you want isnt bad at all but in Edmundson mind your not going to get the life experiences that you can get in the streets inside of a four year college.Sure you will get the career faster then the other people that choose to slow down but whats a few year. Life is short dont miss out in living. Furthermore, Edmundson worked as a Cab driver , Manager at a movie house, crewman on a ship and a doorman in a disco. But his best job was a gig on the stage crew for a throw off production company in Jersey City.Edmundson states, The most memorable job of all though was a gig on the stage crew for a rock production company in Jersey City.That could hold 60,000 counting seats on grass I humped amps out of the truck and onto the stages. Edmundson shared this vivid example of his life because he loves it and will never forget a memorable loving job that he liked doing. Teenagers these geezerhood jump into a carree and then change it in the long run. Or they become parents at a young age that their life pauses because now its not about them its about their child and what is best for them inside of themselves . Their life moves way to fast they get caught up in the moment and dont take time to relax..If he would have gone to college he wouldnt have met nor work on something he liked a lot and it wouldnt have made him a teacher in Vermont. Edmundson got to live his life and then got to business. He is doing something that he likes and gives him the opportunity of going back in time in his memory of his life flashbacks of when he was in high school and what happen to him when he was young. He gets to tell it to his students and learns something new each year of all the generations he gets to see and talks too of how life was then and how is life now. Dont let life pass you by.Everyone can still be thriving but taking time off school it will give you a better chance of figuring out what exactly do you want to do for your career and in life. In other words, Edmundson never even thought that his life experience would take him to an education path to get his degree in something that he would enjoy doing. He gets the pleasure of teaching kids but as well as going back in time memory board what he went threw to get to his career. He got to live his life, relaxing and enjoying five years of doing nothing but working. Take life easy and enjoy it. dont make stress if you dont have to.

Employee Empowerment and Motivation Essay Example for Free

Employee Empowerment and Motivation EssayEmployee empowerment is the process of enabling or authorizing an individual to think, behave, take action, and control pretend and decision making in autonomous ways. It is the state of feeling self-empowered to take control of ones own destiny (Heathfield, n.d., 1). In other words, cock-a-hoop the employees the power and might to put forward decisions that affect not still their department but the company as a whole as well. Empowerment has become an increasingly apply human resources (HR) catchphrase when analyzing the corporate world of today. Empowerment of the employees can increase employee morale, improve company performance, and improve employee relations, however is not an overnight process. All levels of employees, supervisors, and executive instruction have to work together and be properly prepared in rescript to make an empowerment program succeederful.Improving Employee MoraleIn many corporate organizations, the low er level employees often feel unappreciated and underutilized. Often, employees can feel alike(p) just another number, destined to do the alike thing day after day with all decisions being made by upper management. When companies adopt an employee empowerment approach, these feelings can be reduced or even eliminated. Allowing, and even mandating employees to have a say in company decisions makes them feel significant to the success of the company. Employees want to be heard and they want their opinions to matter. The most effective morale booster is for an employee to see his or her idea become a company policy. When this happens, the employee feels more valued and being recognized as an important contributing part to the company.Improving Company PerformanceAnother benefit of employee empowerment programs is usually a noticeable improvement in company performance. The unbiased explanation for this fact is that employees who are most familiar with the day-to-day processes have the best hands on knowledge to be able to implement ameliorate changes and improvements to those processes. Often, many members of management and the corporate officers are hired into their jobs based on education and experience with other companies they often never worked their way up at bottom the current company and have therefore, never experienced the day-to-day processes. Therefore, decisions made by those officers are often solely based on hypothetical situations and communicateprofits they are often so focused on the bigger picture that they overlook the details. However, when the employees performing the job are asked to make decisions, they look at from the bottom and up and take those forgotten details into consideration.Improving Employee RelationsWhen employees are not involved in company decisions, often they operate within their own confined department. Often, the employees take actions without thinking active the repercussions of their actions to other departmen ts this is done mostly out of lack of communication of what those repercussions might be and not accord how each process inter-relates. When employees are given the empowerment to make company decisions, it encourages open communication. Once employees know that they are going to be held responsible for their decisions and that those decisions exit impact the whole company, they go out take the time to work with other departments to investigate how things affect the company as a whole. This serves to not only chance upon better decision making but also opens lines of communication and strengthens the company feeling of being more of a family unit.Making Preparations For Employee EmpowermentAlthough employee empowerment seems like a simple concept, it cannot be implemented without preparation. All levels of employees within the company must be prepared and in agreement with the idea in order to make it work. Expectations must be communicated from the top most levels of management down to the base employees and vice versa in order for empowerment to work.Flat OrganizationOne of the first locomote in successful employee empowerment programs is the flattening of the organization structure and its organizational chart. When the organization has too many decision makers and not enough line employees, conflict is infallible and empowerment bequeath not be successful. This change in organization may include the restructure of elimination of jobs to eliminate the dictatorial chain of look across and bring all employees closer to the result. This transference of responsibility to the employees allows management to focus on other things such as researching new ideas and processes that are presented by the employees.Employee and worry ResistanceWhenever a company adopts an employee empowerment program, resistance from all levels is expected. Supervisor and Management level employees will often resist empowerment programs because they feel are giving up control th at they worked hard to achieve. The human nature to enjoy a feeling of control and empowerment threatens that control. Supervisors and managers must be counseled in advance to make sure that they understand that their input is still crucial and important and that empowerment of their employees will be for the betterment of all parts of the company.One would think that employees would jump-start at the chance to participate in employee empowerment programs. However, many employees often balk at the opportunity. They often lack the self-confidence to make decisions they know will affect the whole company. Others believe that empowerment is just another word to justify piling more responsibility on the employees. According to Abrahamson (2004) in which he discussed how organizations can go through change overload and how employees can experience change fatigue and burnout. To prevent this, employees must be convinced of the positive effects of employee empowerment. The company must s trive to make the employees understand that the program is being implemented because the company values their experience and opinions and truly values their input.EducationOften, both management and employee resistance is caused by the feeling the employees do not have the knowledge needed to make the proper decisions for the company. Education is the key answer to this fear. By educating the employees about the company as a whole and the operations of those outside of their own department, confidence in the employees decisions is heightened. Education about the empowerment process in ordinary will also help to quell fears by clearly defining everyones role within the company following the changes so that everyone knows what is expected of them and is confident with their approaching within the company.ConclusionEmployee empowerment is an important part of the successful operation of todays organizations. By allowing the employees to have in aninput in company decisions not only l ifts their morale, but more use of their experience and knowledge with day-to-day operations to make better decisions. This allows the company to service their clients better and ensure the continued success of the company within their market. Companies looking to start empowerment programs should take the time to educate employees completely and discuss the program benefits with all employees at all levels. This will help ensure that all employees are committed to the program and to ensure its success.ReferencesAbrahamson, E. (2004), Change Without Pain. Boston Harvard Business School Press, Retrieved April 4, 2009 from http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Tr-Z/Trends-in-Organizational-Change.html.Heathfield, S.M. (n.d.). Human resources Employee empowerment. Retrieved April 4, 2009 from http//humanresources.about.com/od/glossarye/a/empowerment_def.htm.

Youth Drug Abuse In Hong Kong Social Work Essay

Youth do do medicatess Ab lend oneself In Hong Kong Social Work Essaydo drugs abuse is nowadays a more and more want youth difficulty each over the world. As an international commercial city, Hong Kong is exposed to this social line of work as well, which bring enormous social and frugal cost to indivi doubles, families, communities and the full society thither. It is really an issue which requires the public to pay much attention to.In this paper, the author introduced the contemporary situation of teen pass onr mind-expanding drug abuse in Hong Kong (including these young pecks population and age, as well as the tendency, the to the highest degree often use chemicals and arnas), the negative impacts of drug taking on youths in the context of the timing points in human development. Then, the author utilized a bio-psychosocial model, discussed about the original find elements conducing youth problematic behavior of drug abuse from three aspects individual, family, and comrades. At last, in terms with these relevant reasons, the author brought forward some suggestions for social worker profession, which whitethorn serve as multipurpose strategies in coping with youth drug abuse in Hong Kong.Keywords young, drug abuse, social workIntroductionLiterature reviewDefinition medicateIs it a concept too simple to define? In fact, drug contains various components. After long-time being influenced by social-cultural context, it becomes more complicated to clarify. For example, is drug therapeutic, or not, or both?The World Health Organization (WHO) described drug in 1981 as any substance or chemical that alters the structure or go of a living being. Rassool went further on this phase in his book Alcohol and Drug Abuse (2001) asA drug, in the broadest sense, is a chemical substance that has an effect on bodily systems and behavior. This includes a wide range of prescribed drugs and illegal and socially accepted substances.Many methods have been used to categorise drugs. For instance, counting in legal and moral, drug is divided into prescription medicine, illegal or unlawful drug, and over-the-counter medication. However, they ar often intersectional in actual society.Drug abuseDrug abuse, similarly known as substance abuse, has its public health definitions and medical definitions, all of which express an implication of negative value popular opinion (Jenkins 1999). In universal meaning, it refers to the taking of drugs without following medical advice or prescription, or the indiscreet use of dangerous drugs for non-treatment purposes.An estimation the UN made tells us there are over 50 million regular drug users all around the world. Though the total number shows a decreasing trend recent years, the age begin to use drug evidently constantly write down.How people take drugs? Existing researches state that Narcotic, Marijuana, Hallucinogen, cocaine and Amphetamine are all gebraeuchlich drugs, while Cocaine is always rep uted as the champagne of drugs and enjoys the greatest appeal for drug users. To further extend oral, smoking, inhalation or sniffing, injecting are the most often routes of drug administration.Drug abuse not only fastens impairment on users physical and psychological health, but also brings a host of social and economic problems to the domestic families and the whole fellowship. Furthermore, illicit substance misuse is usually companied with many early(a) deviant behaviors, like alcohol, organized crimes, anti-social activities and so on. It is no surprise at all that drug abuse is a serious social problem now owning to its enormous social and economic cost.Young peopleYoung people, also called young person, youth, shares a communal meaning with teen and teenager, but is different from another purely scientifically-oriented phraseadolescent. In fact, the term youth is ambiguously the time between childhood and adulthood, hence its age boundary line is varied all over the world. In Hong Kong, as a rule, people between 14 to 21 years senior are considered as youth.Youth is a predominantly important phrase in human development. Naturally, it is the time that young peopleare encountered with dramatic changes in physics, psyche, emotion and social networkcommence self-identity formingurge and begin to seize power on experiencing, adventuring, risk-taking and authority challengingare particularly possible to be influenced by surroundings on behaviors and animatenessstyleare not so close to family and parents as before while attaching importance to chum radical social station and peer approval.As far as we can see from below, youths are resourceful, while vulner equal at the same time.Current situation of Youth drug abuse in Hong KongAs stated by the Central Registry of Drug Abuses report in 2008, while the total number of reported drug abusers continually declined, young people below twenty-one years older showed a dramatically-increasing trend 1002 youths involved in drug abuse in 2002, and whence decreased to 2186 in 2004. After that, the number ceaselessly rose to 2894 in 2007. It should be mentioned that the age of lifetime trying of drugs has been dropping apparently (The 2004 Survey of Drug Use among Students, November 2005 Narcotics Division, Security Bureau, HKSAR Chan, Chu, Wong, Yu, 2005 Chen, et al., 2005 N. W. T. Cheung Cheung, 2005 Ho Liu, 2005 Laidler Pianpiano, 2005 Lam, Weng, Wong, Tse, 2004 Sung, 2001 Youth in Hong Kong Statistical Profile, 2005 report submitted to the Commission On Youth). However, we shouldnt over envision that the real number of youth drug use should be far more.Memo ammonia ketone, which is also called K Tsui, is young peoples most frequently used drug, following is ecstasy and cannabis. Additionally, they often enjoy drugs in their own or friend houses, or public disco/karaoke.All in all, youth drug abuse in Hong Kong is already an alarming study which should be tackled as soon as possibl e. It has posed a great threat to the families, the government, and the whole society.Impacts on youthsDrug use in teenager meeting is usually association with physical and psychological morbidity, social disabilities, and presented as a mixture of them. WHOs discovery (2003-04) may offer us a clear topple of view about drug misuse influences on young peoplePhysicalPeri-oral and peri-lesions caused by inhalation or snorting physical injuries incurred during intoxication tempest after poly-drug or prolonged use needle tracks, thrombosis or abscesses owing to intravenous use withdrawal syndromes changing in brain structure.Psychological peevishness changes ( oddly depression and anxiety) confusion in-personity disorder depression on withdrawal of simulants irritability as part of withdrawal syndrome deliberate self-harm or suicide render psychosis due to drugs effects on neurotransmissions.SocialDeteriorating educational performance family conflict crime such as petty associated with intoxication, theft to provide funds, bay windowing as part of more serious association with drug culture.However, many problematic youths preferably evade reporting their drug abusing problem due to two master(prenominal) reasons. Firstly, young people pursue freedom and independence, and scorn pressure from legal, family or society on their difficulties with drugs (Milgram Rubin 1992). Moreover, most early drug users do not look themselves as substance reliers so that they do not seek any professional treatments until the problem gets too serious to recover. Latent drug abuse may go further to be a lifelong problem for teenagers.Origin of youth drug abuseIn the last half a century, there has been a surge of interest in, and a plethora of studies on substance abuse in youths. Foremost among these are studies on drug abuse. Several theories are in the way to explain the original reasons for youth drug abuse, such as moral theory, disease theory, genetic theory, psychologic al theories and socio-cultural theories. Integrating all of their conclusions link up to the origin of youth drug abuse, it is not a single factor but a have effect of several risk factors predisposing young people to use illicit drugs, which can be divided into five levels in accordance with bio-psychosocial perspectives biological determinations, youth psychological development characteristics, interpersonal elements (include family functioning elements and peer influencing elements), community variables, and societal factors.Weiner (1992) made a splendid contribution on clarifying causes of youth drug abuse. He referred to the achievements of Brook with his collaborators (Brook, Nomura, Cohen, 1989 Brook, Whiteman, Gordon, 1983), pointing out that personality, family, and peer determinants are the most closely related factors for teenager substance abuse. On the word of Weiner (1992), one factor exerting a particularly strong influence can be sufficient enough for a young per son to become drug-involved, even though the other two factors are minimal. The triad of primary elements-teenagers personal variables, family functioning, and peer relationships-serves as the center of bio-psychosocial model related to young peoples involvement into substance abuse. Thus, we will focus point on these three and go over community and society as well.Personal factorsWhen negative psychological characteristics, personality and personal experiences work together, young individuals will inevitably have ability of resiliency weaken. In other words, they will lack coping skills in case of surroundingsal challenges, and lean to drugs either voluntarily or passively.Psychological characteristics of developing phaseAs what has been discussed above, youth is such a time people urge to grasp any chance to take adventure, challenge authority and enjoy the pleasure of independence. So, it is intelligible that young people consider taking drug as an approach to show recreation, t o alleviate boredom, to feel confident, and to be hard (Home Office, 2007).personalityIt has been demonstrated that lower teenagers self-efficacy, self-esteem and sense of competence are, more stress-vulnerable they are (Cowen et al., 1990). When internal or external difficulties happen, the ones will have more risk to take drugs, get seethe so as to escape from their problems, which winds them into a bigger possibility of indulging psychoactive substance.personal experienceYoung people who have miserable personal experiences now or in the past are especially vulnerable to problematic drug use. These groups include truants, those excluded from school, the homeless, those look after by local governing or in foster care, young offenders, those involved in prostitution, children from families with substance-abusing parents or siblings and young people with conduct or depressive disorders (Lloyd 1998).Family functioningAs the primary environment for individuals growth, family shares a powerful and intimate connection to youngsters involvement, exacerbation, and relapse of drug problems. Family calls attention here because it shares a codependent relationship with youth drug problem, which means while dependance affects abusers family, the family are making effect on individuals substance taking at the same time.According to Muisener (1994), four categories of factors related to familys function in teenager drug misuse areMajor family life changes in family structure, family composition, geography, ethnicity, socioeconomic statusFamily dynamics leadership, boundaries, affectivity, communication, and task/goal performanceFamily dysfunction especially substance-abusing parent(s)Family relationship especially relationships between parents and youthsIn considering these four, relationship factors are most consisted with the childrens drug using problems (Brook, Arencibia-Mireles, Richter Whiteman, 2001). Parenting practices including low or excessive monitoring, in effective discipline, and poor communication with children are all imperative variables in youths initiation and maintenance of drug abuse problems (Liddle, Rowe, Dakof Lyke, 1998 McGillicuddy, Rychtarik, Duquette Morsheimer, 2001).Peer relationshipIn the phase of youth, peer group is able to be as important as youngsters second family, and makes heavy impacts on their values, beliefs, and behaviors through interpersonal relationships with each other. As like family environment, peer relationships also serve as a perpetuating environment for teenagers involvement into substance abuse, mainly by two categoriesPeer crisisIt is also called as peer shock by Elkind (1984), and can be blue down into three types the shock of exclusion, the shock of betrayal, and the shock of disillusionment.Substance-abusing peersThis peer cluster can be a strong influence in youngsters initial and on-going usage of chemicals (Oetting Beauvais, 1986). Friends reinforce others drug habit through drivin g them into this group activity, encouraging them to carry on drug using, and fostering their denial of drug problem (Shilts, 1991).In most cases, peer crisis and abusing peers are interacting with each other. For example, a young man who has been excluded from other friends enjoying psychoactive drugs together will have to pay the worth of participation into the shared group activity, so as to maintain the membership in this peer group. Later on, he will suddenly find that he is eliminated by other groups. In order to have sense of belonging, he has no other choices but to stay there and develop into a drug abuser. Additionally, peer influence may become more powerful in situations where a young person lacks support, understanding or affection from parental figures. partnership and societyAs part of youngsters surroundings, communitywhich is composed of schools, community organizations, police departments and criminal justice systems, other local government institutions and servic escan also act as risk factors increasing their likelihood of using psychoactive substances. In a larger scope of the whole society, youth culture and music, social acceptability and the media, may also lead to teenagers initiation and continuation of drug misuse. More direct and special, illicit chemicals are accessibility for youths in Hong Kong society.It is worth mentioning there are extra elements in continued substance use. Rather than by rational finalitys, the reasons why people dont cut out taking drugs may be more related to combined factors, such as individuals physiological dependence on psychoactive chemicals, chaotic use, psychological fear of withdrawal symptoms, social exclusions, mental health problems and other environmental elements. Such situation is very common for most drug misusers they actually have tried to stop taking drugs, but are only able to rationally do this for short periods of time rather than everlasting withdrawal from illegal substances.Strategi es for social work on youth drug abuseBasing on information from the Narcotics Division, Security Bureau, HKSAR, the Hong Kong government has taken a number of measures related to youths drug abuse into action. These include law requirement, policy reinforcement, and promotion activities. On the other side, the jointed work of social worker and doctors is another universal type in running drug treatment and rehabilitation programmes in Hong Kong, such as compulsory placement programme, counseling programme and substance abuse clinic. Nevertheless, as new drugs are endlessly brought in, or old drugs are experienced again by a new generation, all the efforts only have a short-term effect on substance abuse among young people, and continued progress in eliminating drug abuse has gradually slowed down as well (Johnston et al., 2008).Social work is such a profession best prepared to deal with social problems and assist disadvantaged groups. In terms with the original reasons of youth d rug abuse, social worker may also initially handle this problem from three aspects individual, family, and peers. singlePrevention and health educationThis method is widely conducted by doctors, government, mass-media and community. It is mainly used in drug preventive process and dialect publicizing knowledge of drugs, consequences of use and promoting antidrug use attitudes to public at large.Social workers bring professional features in this process. For instance, social work may host discussion, experiential activities, and group problem-solving exercises in school, communities, and other public places.Further causes probingSince variety of negative factors are able to bring young people risk for contacting illicit drugs, social workers should try them best to find hidden and real causations, and prevent or healing problematic individual through coping with latent issues first. Individual counseling can be conducted this part.Self-potency enhancingAccording to Shamai (1994), so me personality traits can typify youth in distress, such as impaired self-control, low self-esteem, arrogance and self-satisfactory, sense of coherence, low level of aspirations and little hope for the future.Empowerment is one of the major measures social work profession utilizes. Setting in substance habituated teenagers, what social workers can do includes to bring youths a positive attitude towards their drug dependence, to help them develop skills against peer influence and pressure, improve self-efficacy and self-control capacity. Cognitive-behavior therapy is considered utile in self-potency enhancing for youth involved in substance abuse, which processes of instruction, demonstration, practice, feedback and reinforcement.Personal and social skills trainingIndividual resources are qualities that enable youth to contend with negative life events and stressful situations (Ben-Sira 1993 Lazarus and Folkman 1984). Social worker may work with organization such as youth centers, communities here.To assist young people, either who have already taken psychoactive chemicals or who have the danger for touching drugs, to gain personal anti-drug skills, social work will teach them how to reduce their anxiety, how to apply generic skills to resist substance-use influences, to establish non-substance-use norms, and so forth. Useful methods include recreational activities, behavioral rehearsal, resistance-skills training, and practice via behavioral homework.In terms with social skills training, communication, use of same age or older peer leaders, vocational training, social and assertive skills, participation in community service projects are all possible methods social workers can make use of.FamilyAccording to a recent view of environments role in dependence (Nader and Czoty 2005), owning a less stressful and more privileged environment may help individuals enlarge the protection from addiction or relapse during recovery process. In this way, teenagers original family should be considered as a recovery environment and a focus of treatment.While family recovery and family therapy are widely used in recent years, social workers roles there are mainly releasing risk elements associated to youth drug abuse, and assist families to offer continuum of care and support for problematic young people in drug recovery. Family recovery skills can be categorized into family addiction awareness, family development awareness and strengthening family dynamics, in which social workers can serve as assistances and organizers.PeersIn or before the process of giving up drugs, most of these problematic teenagers are usually faced with exclusion from young persons who do not take illicit chemicals. However, to get out of drug abuse, they should complete dual challenges or missions giving up former young companions, and making new friends with others who do not abuse chemicals.Rather than force youths to get out of old friends, social workers should assist youth s to make new friends for his support and social needs. Group work is an effective method here. One is group treatment, which includes chemical awareness group and abstinence support group. Teenagers in recovery get together, share their experiences, thoughts, feelings, and skills to avoid drugs. They can also claim to give up taking chemicals, which is demonstrated an impactful way. closely another kind of group work, several addicted young people will be planned to stay with others who dont take drugs. By sharing their experiences and decision to avoid chemicals, the disadvantaged ones will enjoy the chance to make new friends, as well as get support from them, which is extremely important in preventing their doom to relapse in recovery.

Construction Industry And Data Management Construction Essay

Construction Industry And Data Management Construction EssayMany issues affect the victor of a project, yet there is sure proof of supremacy found on efficient confabulation and cooperation and coaction between team-members. Sending and receiving information is talk this enables understanding of wizard another. Common definitions of conversation granted by Hoyland et al., 1953 and Ruesch and Bateson, 1961 quoted in Miller, 2004 gives that communication is the process by which an individual transmits stimuli to modify the behavior of other individuals. other definition states that, Communication does not refer to verbal, explicit and intentional transmission of messages alone. The concept of communication would include all those processes by which people influence one another, Ruesch and Bateson, 2004.The theory on communication defines three key elements of communication. These three elements shed to be present for communication these argon the sender, the receiver, and t he comportment of a message. The message mustiness be conveyed through a medium while the receiver must interpret the received message so as to understand its meaning. The medium apply is important to communication since it affects the process of decoding. Decoding the message correctly is important since it stands to give the meaning as is intended by the sender. It is important to realize at this point that e very(prenominal)one is different with different perceptions and interpretations of details (Miller, 2004).Since people hold up different perceptions, team members of a project have diverse ways oral and scripted communication team prankers also listen and comprehend situations in various ways, all leading to communication problems (Koskinen, 2004). Certain obstacles and filters whitethorn have key roles in comprehending the essential message. Barriers or obstacles usually root from the existing mind-state of the person receiving the message these barriers to correct i nterpretation of the message might be biasness, prejudice or emotions, it may very well be the lack of technical and educational understanding needed (Thomas et al., 1998).Eliminating all human and technical barriers or obstacles is rather impossible in instal to have effective communication, just now creating formal, schemaized communication set-up end much evoke project consummateance. This will overall minimize or almost mitigate distortions in effective communication. Good collaboration is countant on effective communication. Communication may be necessary for collaboration but the reverse is not needs true communication still takes stake in absence of collaboration between team members, this means collaboration advances to realize common goals through extra-durable relationships and in presence of complete commitment of team-members (Laepple, 2005). Collaboration can be lasting if specific issues exist as part of the relation. Laepple, 2005 quotes Lorenz et al and says that collaboration constitutes mainly the presence of a common goal or objective, a joint paradigm, the existence of respect among and across all members, and of course the major element that is effective communication to be present.In regard to bodily structure projects, common goal or purpose would be safe and timely execution of the project within the bound of the given calculate and quality. Collaboration means nothing without purpose. Joint paradigm, though points to the methods and practices familiarly acceptable to all teams and team-members trying to realize common goals. Here, it is noteworthy that everyone sh ars different apprises and these values must also be wide accepted within the working teams.It is important that collaboration exists before the rise of disputes or disagreements and problems in a project it should, therefore be the foundational element of a project so as to avoid the afore-mentioned issues or any others that may come up (Larson, 1997). For this to be done team-building processes that conjoin the associated parties so as to give a clear picture of both(prenominal) the communication strategies as well as collaboration strategies and to get along clear ways in which conflicts and disputes can be avoided well before they arise (Larson, 1997). unmatched more essential factor for successful collaboration is the attitude of the direction when faced by serious problem(s) (Larson, 1997). The circumspections attitude and behavior must be in conformance with the principles of collaboration, namely trust, openness and combined teamwork (Larson, 1997).When productiveness deficiencies occur, the first culprits atomic number 18 communication and collaboration (FMI, 2004). FMI conducts the CIPS-Construction Industry Productivity Survey which states communication and/or collaboration issues as major challenges for the modifyment of takes of productivity. This paper uses Widemans (1991) terminologies suggesting that buyer organizati on corresponds to project give away, and seller/implementer organization corresponds to project manager. These terms will be synonymously used throughout the study, i.e. buyer/seller and project sponsor or manager.Inter-firm Relationship TheoriesTo deal with the abstruse matter of research in inter-organisational relationships it is useful to refer to present theories that clarify the dynamics governing these relationships. The introduction branch of this paper summarizes the studys element of investigation as communication existing between the project sponsor and the project manager at the time of IT project murder where buyer-seller relationships exist. Traditional inter-firm/organizational relationship theories conferring to such analysis are namely the Transaction Cost Economics Theory and the Agency Theory (Williamson 1995). These theories are given as follows.Transaction Cost Economics ( trichloroethylene)The trichloroethylene theory centers around the degree of individua l transaction that translates input to considerd output, for instance the establishment of an IT-based system for the improvement of an organizations internal efficiency. TCE roots in frugals it gives rationales on whether to make a product or buy it from the market. in that location are both situations whether either there is more control making a fit for purpose in reducing unwanted costs associated to a product but having higher costs of care or the other situation where prices are reduced by economies of scale as well as competing by price.Williamson (1975) argues for the make or buy decisions these are supported by various implications like The level of specificity of an asset is a major influencing factor. It relates to the degree of the transacted object based on how explicit/unique it is. What value does it hold in terms of individual transaction and whether or not it can be redeployed for future transactions? The level of ambiguity that arises fromIn-apt communication or deliberate in-correct and misleading signals that prevent decision-makers from discovering plans made by others involved in the business transaction.The common indecisiveness present in human behavior.The transactions frequency.Initially, TCE was designed for recurring, routine transactions, undertaken by traditionally managed organizations both in functional as well as hierarchical set-ups. repeat transactions do not require a specific governance structure, though in contrast transactions that are highly unique require more specialized forethought structures. For this very purpose TCE considers firms governance structures and not specifically production functions (Willimason, p. 387, 1985). Costs involved in these transactions are aptly called transaction costs, hereTransaction costs are minimized by handing over transactions (each with different attributes) to governance structures (each with different capacities and different costs) (Williamson 1985, p. 18). TCE suggests tha t firms adjust their governance structures in score to attain lowest possible transaction costs. Resistance in physical systems corresponds to transaction costs in economic context Transaction costs arise from compl hold outy of buyer-seller relationship and the impracticality of developing and agreeing on contracts that are well-detailed enough to aptly form this relationship. For reducing transaction costs, the TCE theory suggests a high degree of asset specificity, and further suggests that incomplete contracts pick out towards make product decisions, while lower degree of asset specificity direct towards buy product decisions (Adler et al. 1998).No matter about Agency theoryCONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DATA MANAGEMENTThe eddy business relies heavily on information. The information used can generally be categorized as structured data and unstructured data (Caldas et al., 2005). Database systems are used to generate structured data the database system uses structures and formats that are predetermined (Caldas et al., 2005). Structured data brings about standardization while improving interoperability of computational systems (Caldas et al., 2005). PMCS-the frame Management and Collaboration Systems hold different modules which use both structured and unstructured data structured data is present in the cost control module. The PCMS users do not have much control of the system, though realistically, most documents generated by the system (for braid projects) can be classified as unstructured data based on text-documents like contracts, reports and amendment orders etc. (Froese, 2003). Although such documents are classified as unstructured data, but most PMCS that are web-based classify them as partially structured. Constructware, a web-based PMCS( Project Management Control Systems presents standard modules to create and track daily reports and change orders as well as RFIs.( Request for development ) Through this team-members can gather up and edit a standa rd document, which allows for interoperability between different electronic computers. Despite this, researchers disagree that it is only a reproduction of the text document on different computer systems and does not offer an actual solution to handle complex data (Maoa et al., 2006). A lot of studies have been conducted where common data models have been substantial so as to regularize and form one universal methodology to handle structured as well as unstructured data within the structure pains. IFC, the Industry Foundation Class (IFC) has been developed by AII-the International Alliance for Interoperability (Froese, 2003). CAD drawings are present in AutoCAD format, these are used by widely in the kink industry dickens kinds of informational documents are supported by such formats these areContract DocumentsProject Management Documents (Zhu et al., 2001).DRIVERS OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYProject success is impacted by immaterial factors like the b ankers acceptance and the diffusion of plan advancement in legitimate industries (Chan et al., 2004). Nonetheless, traditionally, the construction industry is seen as rather slow and reluctant to the credence and implementation of new technology in comparison to other industries (Laborde Sanvido, 1994). Some important barriers in the adoption of technology by the construction industry are explained by Haas et al. (1999). These barriers include different standards, atomisation, the type of business cycles, and ways in which risk is avoided. The construction industry survives on low labor costs in legal age of regionsthis is also a factor discouraging the invention of new technology and its adoption. engineering in-acceptance is mainly due to scientific and financial risks felt by the employees who work in the construction industry (Tatum 1989). In-acceptance of technology construction companies poses a major flagellum to the construction industry. This is affecting productivi ty levels greatly and supporting the culture that is already change-resistant. A comparison of US and Korea in terms of information technology adoption is under-taken by Williams et al. (2007). These researchers reflect on how IT technologies are almost obsolete in over 150 US-based construction companies. Almost 50% or more have no usage of web conferencing or web portals. These companies have never used barcode scanning and do not have knowledge of e- scholarship or e-bid also they have never used geographic information systems-GIS or geographic positioning systems-GPS.An article named Forces driving adoption of new information technologies by Mitropoulos and Tatum written in the year 2000 aims at identifying and analyzing internal and external factors that affect technology adoption within the construction industry. Internal factors arise within the organization and external factors come from the project owner or arise from competition. They have canvass eight different compani es three of those are mechanical contractors whereas two of them are general contractors. These companies are large with even larger revenues averaging over US$100M. Technologies chosen by the authors are the CAD and the EDI, Electronic Data Interchange technologies and Radio absolute frequency Identification( RFID cards are important requirements of warehouses so that the stores available for issue are automatically updated in project ) Mitropoulos and Tatum have outlined four important triggers for adopting technology these areCompetitive AdvantageProcess ProblemTechnological OpportunityExternal RequirementsCompetitive advantage is change only if new technology helps improve an he organizations little capability and also if competitors have not already adopted similar technology. On the other hand, process problems originate from(a)Added need for improved quality and also detailed drawings(b) Existing technologies have become insufficient for design communication(c) Growth of a company that requires better technologies in order to better supply larger-scale, complex projects demanding higher degree of detail. Opportunities in technology have been defined as improved capabilities because of the availability engineers having technology-based backgrounds, presence of complimentary technology, and affordability of tireless technologies. External requirements are those that result from technology changes and are better known as client specifications or external competitor/rival pressure, and legal or regulatory enforcements.Besides these triggers for the adoption of technology, a great change has taken place within the construction industry that has affected practices within project circumspection (Alshawi Ingirige, 2003). The changes that have taken place are marketplace globalization, economic forces, increased project complexity, a demand for quicker results, changing scopes of projects, changing procurement practices, and sophistication of clients (Als hawi Ingirige, 2003). The construction industry is now heavily investing in IT in response to these internal and external factors. By average construction contractor companies are now investing some US$334,241 in information technology.BARRIERS TO TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYThe use of IT helps reduce time-taken to perform tasks and helps perform tasks that are difficult or impossible to be done by humans (Allen et al., 2005). though IT has contributed greatly to the success of business organizations yet there exit barriers for diffusing or adopting IT into businesses. (Becerik,2006). Construction businessmen feel lack of collaboration within the industry, lack of training, and high implementation costs are all barriers to the success of IT in this industry. On the whole, though, barriers may be classified as technical barriers, behavioral barriers, cost-related barriers, organizational barriers, and legal barriers (Bjork, 2003). The barriers include1. Communica tion and hard and soft funding2. Information ownership3. Re twirls on investment that are indistinguishable4. Construction site technological limitations5. Risks, both financial and organizational knowledge related risks6. depart resistance and organizational inertia7. Law of intellectual property and concerns regarding mistrust8. System security, system reliability and the degree of confidentiality the system offersThe construction industry is existence affected in a number of ways by all these given factors lowering chances of adoption of technology to this industry these factors are individually studied and analyzed. (Bjork, 2003).You asked for refrences here they were given at detonate of paraFrameworks of Knowledge transferMultiple studies have created exemplars to transfer knowledge, for learning and for diffusing new first appearances into different areas of the construction industry (Egbu, 2005 Maqsood et al., 2007 Walker et al., 2004 Chinowsky et al., 2007 Anumba et al., 2005 Chinowsky and Carrillo, 2007). Nonetheless, these examples are especially focused and set to a process lacking in consideration of their effect on project management and companionable relationships. An obstacle to knowledge transfer, its learning or innovations may be linked with certain characteristics of construction industry like short-term labor contracts fragmentation of a project by functions short-term coalitions of teams contract arrangements poor coordination between project partners adversarial relationships etc. (Slaughter, 1998 DoreeandHolmen,2004 Dubois and Gadde, 2002). Ling (2003) states four factors having vital effects on technological innovations in construction. They areThe interest level of team-members (of the project)Work milieuCreating task-groupsIndividual capabilities of members involved with innovationAdditionally, Walker Peasupap (2005-a/b 2009) state that management technology, work environment and team-members are all elemental factors aff ecting the diffusion of innovation, since they can adversely affect delivery costs of a project, time constraints and limits and quality of the project. These limitations, though may be resolved by integration of humans into project management (Huemann et al., 2007). Studies have been conducted to find out how knowledge management (KM) can be implemented in construction organizations. Different Knowledge Management Frameworks have been developed, some of which are discussed briefly belowIn 2002 Whelton et al. proposed a knowledge management manikin for projects this model works on soft systems methodology in order to assist group cognition, group learning and generate solutions. One drawback however is that this framework may prolong negotiation between stakeholders whilst trying to reach mutual agreement when faced by a problem or a situation this may overall prolong time limitations of the project, causing it too start later than anticipated or finish later than anticipated.A fra me-work called cross-sectoral learning has been developed by Al-Ghassani in 2002, in virtual enterprise for helping organizations set up a Knowledge Management strategy. Construction companies need to set-up KM systems in order to preserving knowledge and more specifically to integrate learning into the companies workings both into processes as well as practices which will in turn enhance performance and organizational competitiveness in the global market (Wetherill et al., 2002).Bronn Thi-Le in 2007 created an abstract model that facilitates the detection of problems related to transfer of know-how in large construction related projects. This model aims to identify knowledge break-downs while presenting the best solutions to promote learning and transferring knowledge. Nevertheless, creating social relationships between project teams can prove to be critical in promoting sharing of knowledge in collaborative environments.A project named e-COGNOS, created by Wetherill et al. in 200 2 attempts to specify and develop an groundwork that is an open model this home works (in collaborative environments) at KM to create, disseminate, retrieve and capture or store information. e-COGNOS can be effective if there are well-bound social relationships to promote knowledge exchange users must be motivated and trained on the use of this frame-work.Another example is that of the knowledge transfer framework created by Carrillo et al. in 2006 which is used to help companies manage product-related knowledge. This framework works in three stages, though the maturity level of KM is important as to how the framework may be implemented. Also cultural issues exist when knowledge is being transferred across different territories or across national borders.Another onrush called cross-organizational learning approach developed by Franco et al. in 2004 deals with the shortage of processes required for everyday inter-organizational assessment of construction projects so as to facilita te learning while adding value to projects. This approach allows for exchanging feedback on project performance which is useful for learning and improving performance.In 2007 Chinowsky created a learning organization maturity model with a underlying automated tool called Learning Organization Rapid Diagnostic that assists in assessing and the implementation of continuous learning. Nonetheless, for implementation of the multiple characteristics of a learning organization, it can be time-consuming because of the sole reason much coordination and management is required to link together the entire organization. Overall this is an elicit support to use communication systems infrastructure for organizational learning.The CONDOR project is explained by Vakola and Rezqui -2000. They explain how it can support in defining work practices, work processes, commonly-used techniques, tools as well as aid in supporting the technical infrastructure of construction organizations. It even comes with an evaluation tool that assists in gathering of information it helps in organizing learnt information by distributing it so that organizational learning takes place, and the learnt knowledge can be implemented in future projects. CONDOR continuously creates knowledge, interprets it and distributes it in order to retain knowledge.In 2007, Chinowsky and Carrillo (2007) propose how organizations shit from centre on KM over to learning organizations based on a STEPS model that is a KM model. STEPS stands for Start-up-Take-off-Expansion stage-Progressive stage-Sustainability, it also has a learning maturity model that is based on leadership, processes and organizational infrastructure, organizational communication collaboration, education and finally culture(s).If KM strategies are successfully initiated, organizations can successfully carry on from only KM to having a learning culture. Learning alone cannot necessarily lead to improving performance (Crossan et al., 1995). Good pract ices in management and knowledge management have a deep correlation (Leseure and Brookes-2004). Various studies show the significance of innovation in construction industries (Egbu, 2004 Latham, 1994 Slaughter, 1998 Gann, 2000 Dubois and Gadde, 2002 Vakola and Rezqui, 2000 Kumaraswamy et al.,2004 Ling, 2003 Dulaimi et al., 2005 Eaton et al., 2006 Egan, 1998 Winch, 1998). PPP/PFI has positive outcomes for innovation (Eaton et al.-2006). Eaton further explored stimulants and barriers against innovation in PPP/PFI projects. Impediments and stimulants related to human relationships are social and organizational variables. This will help in improving PPP/PFI that can in turn affect project performance in regard of project quality, costs, and time management.Concurrent EngineeringConcurrent engineering desing is a doctrine in management which has largely being used in the manufacturing industry while less of it has been employed in the construction engineering. The main aim of the philoso phy is to reduce timelines in the activities so that the overall project time in terms of cost can be reduced For completion of these activies Concurrent engineering projects parallel and synchronic functions that are overlapped so that the delay in sequential conduct of the activites can be reduced . It is pertininet to mention that the common areas between simultaneous activies between engineering production and construction industry has been highlighted by many researchers (de la Garza et al. 1994).In construction industry the the concurrent engineering has primarily defines as the integration of both design , planning and construction processes including the main aim of integration is to reduce construction time and cost and to ensure through various checks that the product is meting the expectations of the consumer . (Noble 1993).One of the main aims of the concurrent engineering methodlogy is to identify which all activites can overlap and which cannot . Furthermore the a mount twp activities can overlap in a process mormally depend upon the typr of activities . (Prasad 1996).Concurrent Engineering and integrated Project DevelopmentIntegrated project developemnt can be described as the evolution of the concurrent engineering into a full scale methodogical process .Since due to the complexity and the increasing processes involved in the contruction industry of today it is very important evolve the integrated approach for the completion of the task . We will now discuss the IPD in the backdrop of concurrent engineering .I need more information about concurrent engineeringIPDConstruction structures are becoming increasingly complex while this industry is becoming more specialized a new approach called Integrated Project Delivery or IPD has been introduced. This approach has been developed in the U.S. for the improvement of cost and the quality of projects as well as enabling better management of project schedules compared to traditional methods. The IP D method attempts to improve the outcomes of a project by collaboration in streamlining the incentives in addition to team goals (ADTF 2006).Though there are a number of organizations that support progression of IPD for instance AIACA Council and the AGC, and while some projects benefited from its use, yet projects using IPD are relatively few in number (Post 2007, Sive 2009). There are reasons for its slow adoption. Some reasons include fear of risk related to IPD (time, money, and innovation) other reasons include the close partnerships that IPD demands and legal frameworks required for incorporating IPD approaches. Furthermore, stakeholders of the construction industry hypothesise that new competencies, skills and KM will be needed for collaborating IPD into an organization (Auto-desk White Paper 2008). Still there is no noteworthy research that investigates the existing adoption status of IPD or reasons for its slow adoption within the industry (Sive 2009). Gathering IPD case-s tudies reflecting best practices would motivate professionals unfamiliar with IPD in getting assurance of IPD benefits and how its profits play a role in both successful and unsuccessful projects. Here, this paper provides an example of a project implementing IPD for project delivery. In this paper, we define IPD and discuss BIM-Building Information Modeling in context of IPD. To make further understanding of IPD clear, a case study is discussed to see how IPD may be applied in commercialised building projects. The conclusion section will give recommendations for education as well as future research projects both in the context of IPD.Though IPD may be the industry buzz word but there exist no standard definition that is acceptable to all. Differing definitions accompanied by greatly varying approaches of different sophistication levels suggest that IPD describes considerably diverse contract arrangements as well as team processes, (Sive-2009). There are prominent similarities amon g IPD projects and IPD definitions. IPD is defined by various principles like the following in the context of this paper(1) Multi-party harmony(2) Parties Early employmentIt is not necessary that IPD is constituted by these principles.Multi-Party AgreementOne contract exists for the whole project, which involves the general contractor, the project owner, and the architect, or may even involve other parties (if the contract is between more than just two parties) when IPD is used. The prime goal of IPD is maximizing collaboration and coordination throughout the entire project. The contracts are a driving force that allows goals to be attained productively without getting complicated by use of separate contracts since separate contracts can produce opposing motives among the stake-holders and team members. (Post 2007) please attach this ref in ref please shared Risk and RewardA majority of IPD contracts incorporate elements designed for encouraging teamwork while promoting project su ccess. IPD, in contrast to traditional projects, combines the risks rewards to reach project goals. (Scarnati, 2001) The goals may differ but are related to cost, project schedules and the quality metrics used in measuring success of a project. Associated risk examples include budget over-costs with different entitys overheads and profits, though on the other hand if a project is below budget a team may be compensated. Risk-reward sharing can be based on value, incentive pool, innovation outstanding performance, performance bonuses and profit sharing.Based on value-Project teams are given incentives bonuses that are given based on how much value is added by a member to a project.Incentive pool-It will reserve some share of the teams fees (that increases and decreases based on certain pre-agreed criteria) before it is divided and shared among team membersInnovation and outstanding performance-As the name already indicates, teams are rewarded for their hard work or creativityPerform ance bonuses-These bonuses are awarded on the basis of qualityProfit sharing-Based on group performances, profits are gained collectively for the whole team/group rather than individually.Early Involvement of All PartiesOne fundamental benefit of IPD is that it provides all parties the ability to be part of the project and be involved with the project from the start of the design phase. Collaborating from the start can easily address problems of fragmentation existing between the designing professionals and construction professionals which results in work mal-practices or cost changes during the late construction phase. (Scarnati, 2001) Although earlier collaboration does not need technological tools, but information technology like BIM-Building Information Modeling greatly increases efficiency of collaboration taking place during all project phases.There do, though exist constrains and complexities in implementing IPD. New contracts are using IPD but are not tried tested, and so, are not completely approved and understood. IPD is costly and insurance companies will not cover financial losses incurred as a result of IPD. Moreover the construction industry is accustomed to conventional leadership methods responsibility, and opportunity while change is not very evident. (Baiden et al., 2003)The inability to restructure procurement processes for enabling IPD is the area where a majority of agencies and formal institutions are deficient. On the other hand, IPD is correctly and successfully implemented itHelps in facilitating the sharing of rewards as well as risks amongst stakeholdersIt may help in creating incentives that are awarded for exceptional performanceIt can also minimize operations and maintenance co