Genetic Identity Of The Individual - 2048 Words

Genetic Identity of the Individual Individuality is the quality or character of a particular subject that distinguishes that subject from others of the same kind. Every individual searches for and cherishes their individuality, their identity, their unique role in the world. Humans are some of the most socially and psychologically complex organisms in the world; global diversity and individual uniqueness are a product of that complexity. Professional sociologists have long debated the power of the world around us to shape our perception and thought process, thus playing a role in the individual’s world view and responses. Frida Kahlo visually represented the influence of the environment on the individual with her painting, Self Portrait Between the Borderline of Mexico and the United States, 1932, depicting two very different worlds of Mexico and the United States, while also conveying her dismay at the American influence that at the time was supplanting her traditional Mexica n heritage (Kahlo). This illustrates the impacts of a cultural environment on an individual and their sense of identity. However, the creation of an individual is far more than a conglomeration of outside influences, as environmentalist theory believes. Everyone is born with a unique set of genetic traits that cause one to look, think, and act different from others. The question that follows is how influential is genetic identity in the development of the individual? Individuality is the resultShow MoreRelatedRight to Know the Sperm Donor768 Words   |  3 Pageshomosexual couples who all want to have children. These people can turn to gamete donors in order to pursue their goal of procreating. One half of the genetic material would come from a person who would be raising the child, while the other half would come from some donor. These two individuals might have opinion x about whether the donor identity ought to be anonymous or not and they may have opinion y about whether to eve n tell the child of their biological origins. What about the child’s opinionRead MoreNature And Its Effect On Our Lives999 Words   |  4 PagesOur identities are constantly evolving and changing from the day we’re born to the day we die, yet we rarely ask ourselves what our identities are composed of. The concept of nature relates to a predisposition in our genes—for example, an individual can be more susceptible to performing violent acts due to certain genetic traits— that can greatly shape our identities. The concept of nurture relates to the environments in which we grow in, our experiences, and their influences in our developmentRead MoreIs Genetic Genealogy Be An Uneven Playing Field?979 Words   |  4 Pages Abstract Genetic genealogy can set the stage for discrimination and inequality for those seeking minority status, for benefits and government handouts, or alternately, it can hold individuals back because of racism or bigotry; and lead to ‘genetically repackaged discrimination’. There is an uneven playing field, with some entities recognizing genetic testing results, yet others are rejecting it. While seeking personal identity is a worthwhile endeavor, another perspective brings a host ofRead MoreEssay On Brave New World And Gattaca953 Words   |  4 PagesBrave New World and Gattaca relate in the aspect of genetic discrimination, they differ in the limits and powers of technology and the effects of human spirit. Both Brave New World and Gattaca emphasize genetic discrimination as a major part of their societies. In Brave New World, a utopian society is created by the use of modernized technology and science to eliminate any chances of error. Through the use of this advanced technology, individuals are placed into separate levels of social class basedRead MoreBiological And Social Effects On Sexual Orientation1406 Words   |  6 Pagessocial component. One of the conjoint theories is that humans are born with a propensity for certain sexual tendencies which are determined biologically, and these tendencies are developed into a complex sexual identity as an adult. This development of sexual tendencies into a sexual identity is influenced by society, and therefore, sexual orientation depends on biological influences as well as society and social influences. There is various evidence and arguments for biological determination and socialRead MoreGenealogy Is The Study Of One s Ancestry And Ge netic History1393 Words   |  6 PagesGenealogy is the study of one’s ancestry and genetic history. It helps us appreciate our ancestor’s lives, which may have been seemingly insignificant at the time. Genealogy helps us understand our habits and physical features. It also explains the unique genetic variations casted within us, and depicts a picture of how the culture we practice today came to be, it is not just history of events but our biological history that shaped us. Many Bangladeshi origin people both in Bangladesh and those abroadRead MoreThe Issue Of Gender And Sexuality Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent is based on genetics. Having a different view of oneself’s gender is not always a choice. It is considerably something that is known right away and is usually not second guessed then there are no decision to be made about whether they are choosing to be that way or not. Genetics decides eye color, hair color, and facial features, so according ly it would most likely decide the decisions and views on gender and sexuality. In reality, it is often overlooked that genetics play a massive roleRead MoreHuman Genetics962 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Genetics Introduction This paper reviews two interesting articles related to human genetics. Dr. Nestor Morales, Assistant Professor of Psychology at New York City College of Technology at City University of New York, presents the idea that since human cloning is inevitable, an understanding of the psychological aspects of this development need to be addressed. The second article to review is found in the European Child Adolescent Psychiatry; it relates to the genetic link from a parentRead MoreA Deeper Understanding Of Identity Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesand more. But it is the combination of these identities that makes every human complex and unique. A deeper understanding of identity requires organizing identities into two categories: factual and non-factual. Factual identities include features and attributes that could be seen with naked eyes or measured with instruments, such as race and age. Non-factual identities, like gender identity (different from the idea of biological sex) and social id entity, are malleable because they depend on actionsRead MoreElements Of My Identity1396 Words   |  6 Pages A person’s identity is formed based on a variety of different factors. Every day, each individual on this planet is currently developing the elements of establishing an actual identity. An identity can be built through culture, family, friends, personal experiences, aspirations, interests, and even genetics! Some aspects tend to have a greater impact on creating a persons’ identity, and other aspects tend to have greater importance in a persons’ life than others. These factors are what make each

The California State University System s Board Of Trustees

On March 22nd, 2017, the California State University system’s Board of Trustees voted yes to a tuition increase (Xia). Up until the morning before this decision arose, several California State University students were advocating for free tuition, or at least to stop this tuition increase, from Cal State Fullerton having postcards that can be signed to be sent to the Board of Trustees to students protesting in front of the Chancellor’s office in Long Beach (Xia). Although this battle was a lost for students, this is certainly not the last you will hear from them. Arguably, there are several factors as to why this idea of free state college tuition rose to popularity, but presidential candidate, Bernie Sanders, has definitely given this†¦show more content†¦Only four students went straight into the workforce, when a century ago, this was not the case. With students now consistently going straight to college after high school, state universities should be free to state residents since we have public high schools. There are currently examples of free state tuition for residents that exist and thrive in this age. In Kalamazoo, Michigan, students who attend high school in Kalamazoo starting in ninth grade, can have from sixty-five to one hundred percent of their tuition covered (Teicher). This is known as â€Å"The Promise.† This scholarship can be used for any state school, fifteen private schools, and other state schools around the United States that are less than the highest tuition in Michigan (Teicher). Since The Promise’s first wave of scholarships, there has been definite improvements in college attendance. For one, African-American students, had a three percent rise in college attendance (Teicher). This gives hope for minorities as well as role models that match aspiring students’ background. These role models are important for students to demonstrate that all students, regardless of their background, can go to college. Second, forty-eight percent of scholarship reci pients graduate college (Teicher). This demonstrates that scholarship recipients have benefit from these scholarships. While this has shown an impact, there certainly are other factors that lead to the fifty-two percent that do not graduate, suchShow MoreRelatedHistory On The Origin Of State Charters Essay2358 Words   |  10 PagesBrief History on the Origin of State Charters in California California has followed the steps of many American states by committing its efforts on ensuring educational developments through improved governance systems. In the last half a decade or so, there have emerged diverse levels of studies in California State majorly because of three reasons which include several legislative practices, institutions, and participation of state agencies. The California Educational Commission was created as earlyRead MoreVirtual Dental Homes : Will They Be The Wave Of The Future? Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagessix-year study by University of the Pacific demonstrates. The findings were reported today by the Pacific Center for Special Care, a program of the university s Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry. Pacific developed the teledentistry system and has evaluated it in more than 3,000 patients across California since 2010. More than $5.5 million in federal, state and other grants supported the demonstration project. The virtual dental home is a community-based oral health care delivery system that uses telehealthRead MorePharmaceutical Industry : The Best Performing Industry, Based On Stock Performance1525 Words   |  7 Pagessector makes up 14.0% of the SP 1500 and has had the highest 1 year, 3 year, and 5 year returns at 28.58, 30.51, and 23.85. 1 According the 2014 stock prices, investments within the healthcare sector have outperformed the SP 1500 by 11.9%. The healthcare sector is made up of two industries, health care equipment services group (37% of the healthcare sector) and pharmaceuticals, biotechnology life sciences group (63% of the healthcare sector). According to the SP industry analysis, the biotechnologyRead MoreDiversity Within The Fresno Pacific University2550 Words   |  11 Pages Introduction Fresno Pacific University has undertaken the daunting task to develop a cohesive strategy in creating diversity within the Fresno Pacific University System. While the above is good, what about diversity within the university’s board of trustees, board members, administrative team, and professors? Has the university encouraged members of the minority race groups, ideology and religious beliefs to apply and have the same employment opportunities as people of the same race and religionRead MoreLGBT Adoption Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesadolescents who are in the Child Welfare System waiting to be put into foster care or be adopted† (Kreisher). The number of children living with 1 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender (LGBT) parent today ranges from six to fourteen million children or adolescents. Adoption is to take into one’s family legally and raise as one’s own child. Although adoption is first spoken of in the Bible, the first recorded adoption takes place in 1693 in the colonial United States when the governor of MassachusettsRead MoreProfile of Top 5 Ceo in the Philippines4291 Words   |  18 Pages - Lopez serves as the Chairman and CEO of Energy Development Corporation. Within the board, he serves as Chairman of Nominations and Compensation Committee, Chairman of Corporate Social Responsibility Committee and Member of Operations Committee. He has been a Board Member since the company’s privatization in 2007. - Lopez serves as the Chairman and CEO of Energy Development Corporation. Within the board, he serves as Chairman of Nominations and Compensation Committee, Chairman of CorporateRead MoreStart of a Case Analsis3508 Words   |  15 Pagespolicy. (5 laws of Library Science (1931) Aren’t these over due funds used in a way to achieve library’s ‘goals’ as a public organization goal financially ? Arlso, a non-profit Board of Trustees, entrusted with the care of then organization, and is accountable TO THE PUBLIC, not the private interests of share holders? Board: maximize public, not private welfare. Serve as the court of appeals†¦what happens if someone protests Walmart ? Conflicting Interests here * Library Staff to watch childrenRead MoreJewel Plummer Cobb : An African American Educator And Scientist2461 Words   |  10 PagesPlummer Cobb was born on January 17, 1924 in Chicago, Illinois to parents Frank V. and Carribel (Cole) Plummer. Her father was a physician graduate from Cornell University and her mother was a schoolteacher and dance trainer. Her grandfather, who was a freed slave, became a pharmacist graduate from the present Howard University. One could state that Cobb was surrounded by educated individuals in her life. With two generations having established a career in the science field, it can be assumed that thisRead MoreDeaf Culture History Essay2085 Words   |  9 Pagestodays times, it is possible for a deaf family to characterize themselves as an all American family. For many centuries hearing people classified deafness as a horrendous misfortune. As reported by Doug Baynton (Historian at the University of Iowa), in the early 1800s most of the deaf people in America lived in segregated rural areas from one another, and with little communication with the people around them. â€Å"They also had a limited understanding of what they could do – of their own possibilitiesRead MoreHistorical Perspective Of English Language Learners2457 Words   |  10 Pagesat the request of the Anti-Defamation League, argued â€Å"every American who ever lived, with the exception of one group, was either an immigrant himself or a descendent of immigrants† (Kennedy, 1964, p2). There is no denying the fact that the United States is indeed a nation of immigrants. In the same way, education is the heart of a civilized nation, and it is the education of immigrant children that must remain a priority in our country. Historical Perspective of English Language Learners

Prostitution Essay Example For Students

Prostitution Essay Historical approaches to regulation Historically, although Prostitution Essay has been viewed as a threat to the moral order and a danger to public health, the state has tended to legislate for the regulation of prostitution, rather than introducing measures focussed on its elimination. Even early Christian societies did not seek to eliminate prostitution, with the Church fathers justifying this stance by asserting that Sewers are necessary to guarantee the wholesomeness of palaces. (quoted by de Beauvoir, 1974, 618). St Augustine was adamant that prostitution should be recognised as a necessary social evil, arguing, Suppress prostitution and capricious lusts will overthrow society. (cited in Roberts, 1992, 61). His stance was predicated on a belief in mens sexual appetites necessitating access to sexual outlets outside of marriage. In order to prevent them committing adultery and threatening their marriages, society should facilitate mens access to prostitutes. It follows from St Augustines argument that two separate classes of women were required good, virtuous, sexually faithful wives to service mens procreative needs within marriage, and prostitutes who would cater to their desires and pleasures outside of marriage. Such thinking views prostitution as a necessary social evil, and reinforces the madonna/whore dichotomy. Given the fact that mens demand for prostitution services has not abated through the ages, the historic response has been to continue to seek its regulation and control rather than its eradication. For instance, in medieval England and Europe the preferred way of regulating prostitution was to restrict prostitutes to working in certain districts and/or requiring that they dress in particular, identifiable, styles. Thus in Paris, prostitutes were confined to working in brothels in particular areas of the town and were required to wear armbands, dye their hair, ;or in other ways distinguish themselves from respectable society matrons; (Bullough and Bullough, 1987, 125). Women who violated such codes of behaviour could find themselves expelled from that district, literally being run out of town. Confining the sex industry to specifically designated areas was also seen as economically advantageous in that it enabled municipal councils to share in the profits (Roberts, 1992, 90). By the 17th century the practice of visiting prostitutes was so widespread that guidebooks to brothels were being produced and men could claim visits to prostitutes on their tax returns (Philip, 1991, 22). Prostitution continued to flourish so that by the 1860s Henry Mayhew estimated there to be over 80,000 women working as prostitutes in London how many men were their clients we have no idea. It is clearly evident that the dominant state response to prostitution has been to seek its regulation and control rather than its elimination. A study of the international sex industry today, however, reveals that the ways of achieving such regulation differ markedly, both between and within nations. Thus in the United States areas of minimal regulation exist alongside states with highly interventionist policies. Significant differences also exist in how European governments have sought to control prostitution. The measures adopted range from the legalised red-light districts of Hamburg to the tolerance of window prostitution in Amsterdam and the arresting of male clients in Sweden. Closer to home, across the Tasman in Australia there are distinct differences in the ways state governments view and attempt to regulate the sex industry. These will be examined later in this section. Contemporary approaches to regulation There are four principal approaches that states have adopted internationally with regard to the regulation of prostitution. Each of these is briefly presented below. Criminalisation This approach makes prostitution an illegal offence for both the client and sex worker, and in so doing seeks to reduce or eliminate the sex industry. This option appeals to many who are opposed to prostitution on moral, religious or feminist political grounds, but has seldom been seriously implemented because such laws tend simply to drive prostitution underground, producing undesirable health and safety consequences. Criminalisation of the clients Some countries have sought to remove the double standard by introducing legislation that penalises the clients rather than the sex workers. The proponents of this measure often hope that by targeting the demand side of the sex industry, they may reduce or eliminate it altogether. Need Potential Of Ireland Essay As a result, crimes associated with illegal prostitution often go unreported and without punishment. Although enforcement of illegal prostitution exhausts a great amount of time, some citizens feel that the time is .

The Ancient Mariner Essay Example

The Ancient Mariner Essay The idea that we could run out of water here on Earth, the blue planet, where 71% of the surface is covered by the oceans (Lomberg, 2001) may seem to some to be a ridiculous notion. However, this omnipresent resource, omnipotent over humans and all life forms, is not always fit for consumption as suggested in The Ancient Mariner. We must first understand that when we talk about humans and other life forms the key resource required is freshwater and this particular portion of the hydrosphere amounts to just 0.65% (excluding glaciers and the polar ice caps which amount to 2.15% (Strahler Strahler, 2000)) of which 0.62% is groundwater (Lomberg, 2001).Further, not all of this freshwater is accessible to us for use so in reality we are talking about the metaphoric drop in the ocean in terms of usable, accessible freshwater as a resource. This self-renewing resource that in total remains a fixed amount segregated into varying portions moving through the reservoirs of the closed system of the hydrological cycle can not in theory run out. But perhaps we can begin to understand how the small section that is important to us may be over exploited or made unusable by human intervention and the concerns this raises for all of us.Water as a resourceWhen 1.1 billion people (Wood, 2003) lack access to potable drinking water have we in fact already run out of water? Ask the same of someone from certain parts of Canada and you could be fairly certain the response would be different. Freshwater is a resource of strong temporal and geographical variations that does not always correlate well with the human population. Asia, for example, receives 36 percent of global runoff but is home to 60 percent of the worlds people; South America, on the other hand, supports 6 percent of the population yet has 26 percent of the worlds runoff. The Amazon River alone carries 15 percent of the earths runoff but is accessible to only 0.4 percent of the worlds population (Postel, 1997). However, As ia receives 80% of its runoff between May and October (Lomberg, 2001) sometimes creating floods such as in Bangladesh leading to pollution and the result of a resource turning into a disease manifesting problem. Diagram one indicates the variation in freshwater availability across the globe.Diagram one: Availability of Freshwater in 2000.Although humans only need around 2 litres of water a day to survive we require much more to water our crops, supply industry and help to create energy as shown in diagram two.Diagram two: Evolution of Global Water UseThe hydrologist Malin Falkenmark established an approximate minimum requirement of freshwater known as the water stress index based on the quantity required to maintain an adequate quality of life in a moderately developed country in an arid zone based on the total of household (municipal) use plus agricultural, industrial and energy generating usage(Lomberg, 2001). This level is 1,700 m3 per person per annum of renewable freshwater ava ilability, below that a population may be considered to be experiencing water stress, below 1,000 m3 per person, the population faces water scarcity (UNEP, 2002). Water stress is shown in diagram three as withdrawal relative to availability by country.Diagram three: Freshwater Stress 1995 ; 2025More People, Less WaterHumans and nature alike have learned to adapt to variations in freshwater availability. We have built water storage in the form of giant dams and developed different irrigation systems to suit local climate. Why then, as diagram three suggests is water stress forecast to increase? The answer is simple: population growth. World population increased 42% from 3.8 billion to 5.4 billion between the 1970s and 1990s whilst water usage increased 300% in the same time frame (Wood, 2003). No-one knows what the population will be in the future but the United Nations Population Division (2003) notes that a figure of 8.9 billion is the most likely with a low prediction figure of 7. 4 and a high of 12.8 by 2050 from our current position of 6.3 billion. Water resources, as previously noted, will remain the same.This leaves us with a position of less freshwater availability per capita. Whats more is that the greatest predicted growth is in the developing countries, those which have the least resources to tackle these issues and sometimes the least availability of freshwater resources.Another factor to consider here is that historically economic development has incurred huge increases in water use and so a combination of population growth and economic development could really change the water consumption patterns of many countries. Growing populations also need more food, industry and energy all of which require water. Globally, people now use about 35% of their accessible supply (Postel, 2001) and some predict by 2025 we could be appropriating 80% of the total accessible water in rivers and aquifers (in view of expected pollution loads and their dilution needs) ( Falkenmark, 1998). It is these increases in water withdrawal and usage that have led to speculation of up to 40% on the world population living in water stress or scarce situations come 2025 (Houlder, 2003).As shown in diagram three, many African countries appear not be suffering from water stress and yet we know many have suffered drought related famine in the past. How can this be? Water availability is not simply a matter of location. Economics and power relations also play a large role. Here in the UK we pay suppliers who deliver our water direct to our homes treated and safe to drink. In many countries, including those African nations, people have to collect their own water sometimes walking for hours a day to collect enough to supply their families. The poor are often those that suffer the most whether that be living the furthest away from a water source or having to work the driest land with little hope of raising the funds to buy the technology that could increase their fres hwater supply such as water stores or irrigation pipes. These are the people least likely to have property rights over water resources.DevelopmentFor all its increases in water use development can also bring water saving technology. Once a population has developed an ability to manufacture or trade for technology it may be in a position to exploit new resources and/or make significant reductions in usage of existing resources. Examples of these include Kuwait and Israel. Kuwait with its vast resources of oil and natural wealth has the power to buy technology to deal with its crippling natural water shortages. With only 30 litres available per capita per day (Lomberg, 2001) Kuwait really is a water poor nation but its economic wealth allows for the development and procurement of technology and as such more than half of all supplies come from desalination of sea water which is a costly process requiring large amounts of energy, just the thing Kuwait has (Lomberg, 2001).Israel manages its low water resources efficiently by both use of drip irrigation and recycling of household water for irrigation (Lomberg, 2001). However, Israel compliments this by importing large amounts of grain, 87% (Lomberg, 2001), as a way of indirectly importing water. One ton of grain requires 1,000 tones of water to grow, likewise the ratio of chicken to water by tons ratio is 1:3500 , beef 1:10,000 and perhaps most astonishingly cotton 1:17,000. (Wood, 2003). This trade of embedded water, if able, is a clever way of changing a populations water usage. Land use, trade ability and technology all then affect the efficient use of water and what use this resource is acquired for.Inability to trade for food and lack of technology could explain why the poorest countries use 90% of their water fro agriculture compared to the 37% of the richest countries (Lomberg, 1998). This further exemplifies the divide between the rich and the poor more as a factor of freshwater availability rather than geog raphical location. Christian Aid journalist Andrew Pendleton puts it, The only water that is available to many poor people free of charge lies in festering pools and contains killer diseases such as cholera. (Howard, 2003). Howard (2003) goes on to note diseases caused by unsanitary water kill 5 to 12 million people a year.Management and mismanagementAs early as the sixth century BC civilisations in Egypt and Mesopotamia have been managing water both for irrigation and flood control (Mather ; Chapman, 1995). Irrigation as part of the Green Revolution has allowed for 40% of the worlds harvest to be grown on only 17% of the cultivated land (Lydon, 1999) as thus in essence allowed world population to grow to the size it is today. However, with all our technology many irrigation systems waste between 60% and 80% of all water (Lomberg, 2001) and when agriculture accounts for 70% of all water diverted from rivers or pumped from underground (Ecologist, 2004) that amounts to a lot of water and an unsustainable loss in changing times.Diagram two displays the waste water associated with agriculture. Through trial and error we have also learned the many pitfalls of water diversion and storage. The most classic example must be that of the Aral sea, an enormous saline lake near Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, which has decreased in volume by 66% over the last 30 years due to irrigation extraction upstream (Strahler Strahler, 2000). It is important to realise that this and other such events do not just amount to a loss of water but also to a loss of livelihoods, in this case that of the local fishermen, and a loss or change in the biodiversity (in the Aral Sea salinity increases killed many of the resident species).The Way ForwardThe issue of water security has been on the international agenda since the 70s with the UN water conference at Mar del Plata in 1977 being perhaps the first to seriously influence national policies calling for priority in the supply of safe drinking wa ter and sanitation services to all people and also for national water resource assessment (UNDP, 1998). This second point is most important as the effective management of water resources requires accurate data on those resources. When looking at country resources it is important to note a further complication that takes us back to the geography of water, river basins are not confined by international boundaries.In fact 214 of the worlds river or lake basins, accommodating 40% of the worlds population are shared by two or more countries (Mather Chapman). Thus any effective global water strategy must be holistic to be truly effective. The first World Water Development Report was published last year (2003) on the back on the 3rd World Water Forum held in Japan the same year, the International Year of Freshwater. It notes the complexity of managing this global resource and under the heading Challenge 11: Governing Water Wisely for Sustainable Development it states thatit is agreed that the basic principles of effective governance include: participation by all stakeholders, transparency, equity, accountability, coherence, responsiveness, integration and ethical issues.ConclusionThere are pessimists and optimists creating predictions for the future state of the worlds freshwater resources, in truth only time will tell. There are many hurdles to overcome along the way, not least of all climate change and the myriad of potential changes that may have on the hydrological cycle. Humankind will need to be dynamic, imaginative, holistic and committed to achieve the sustainable development of freshwater resources. And so perhaps the question should not be will we run out of water? but will we learn to manage this precious resource in an integrated and sustainable fashion allowing equitable access to all?